Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/254)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

We have also related that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “If you were to place your trust in Allah as He truly deserves, He would provide for you just as He provides for the birds: they leave in the morning with empty stomachs and return in the evening full.” (1)

Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffari informed us; Abu Sa‘id Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Fadl, the jurist, informed us; Abu Nasr ibn Hamduwayh al-Mutawwi‘i informed us; Abu al-Muwajjih Muhammad ibn Amr informed us; Abdan informed us, from Abu Hamzah, from Isma‘il—that is, Ibn Abi Khalid—from two men, one of whom was Zubayd al-Yami, from Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ud, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said:

“O people, there is nothing that brings you nearer to Paradise and takes you farther from the Fire except that I have commanded you to do it; and there is nothing that brings you nearer to the Fire and takes you farther from Paradise except that I have forbidden you from it. The Trustworthy Spirit has breathed into my heart that no soul will die until it has received its full provision. So fear Allah and seek provision in a proper manner. Do not let the delay of provision lead you to seek it through disobedience to Allah, for what is with Allah can only be attained through obedience to Him.” (2)

Hushaym said, from Isma‘il, from Zubayd, from someone who informed him, from Ibn Mas‘ud.

“And if you were to ask them, ‘Who created the heavens and the earth and subjected the sun and the moon?’ they would surely say, ‘Allah.’ So how are they turned away? (61) Allah extends provision for whom He wills of His servants and restricts it for him. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things. (62) And if you were to ask them, ‘Who sends down water from the sky and thereby brings the earth to life after its death?’ they would surely say, ‘Allah.’ Say, ‘Praise be to Allah!’ But most of them do not reason. (63)”

His saying, Exalted is He: “And if you were to ask them”—meaning the disbelievers of Mecca—“And if you were to ask them, ‘Who created the heavens and the earth and subjected the sun and the moon?’ they would surely say, ‘Allah.’ So how are they turned away?” (3)

“Allah extends provision for whom He wills of His servants and restricts it for him. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things.” (4)

“And if you were to ask them, ‘Who sends down water from the sky and thereby brings the earth to life after its death?’ they would surely say, ‘Allah.’ Say, ‘Praise be to Allah!’”—that is, because Allah is the One who performs these things—“But most of them do not reason.” It was also said: “Say, ‘Praise be to Allah,’” for

(1) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Asceticism, chapter: “What Has Been Reported Regarding Abstinence from Worldly Matters,” 7/8. He said: “This hadith is sound and authentic.” It was also narrated by Ibn Majah in the Book of Asceticism, chapter: “Reliance upon Allah and Certainty,” no. 4164, 2/1394. Al-Hakim graded it authentic in al-Mustadrak, 4/318. It was also narrated by Imam Ahmad, 1/30, 52, and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/301. (2) Narrated by al-Hakim, 2/4, and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/303-4. Mishkat al-Masabih, 3/1458, attributed it to al-Bayhaqi in Shuab al-Iman. It has supporting reports from the hadiths of Jabir and al-Muttalib, cited by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah and by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak; thus, the hadith is strengthened by them. (3) That is: how then can they be turned away from the One who did that, and thus turn aside from sincerely worshipping Him? Al-Tabari, 21/11. (4) Exalted is He says: Allah expands His provision for whomever He wills among His creatures, and restricts it for whomever He wills among them. That is, O people, your provisions and their distribution among you are in My hand, not in the hand of anyone besides Me: I expand them for whomever I will and restrict them for whomever I will ... “Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things” [Quran 29:62]. That is, Allah knows what is in your best interests. Among them are those for whom nothing but abundance of provision is suitable, and others for whom nothing but restricted provision is suitable; and He knows this. Al-Tabari, 21/12.

وَرُّوِينَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَوْ أَنَّكُمْ تَتَوَكَّلُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ حَقَّ تَوَكُّلِهِ لَرَزَقَكُمْ كَمَا يَرْزُقُ الطَّيْرَ تَغْدُو خِمَاصًا وَتَرُوحُ بِطَانًا" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْمُظَفَّرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ حَمْدُوَيْهِ الْمُطَّوِّعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُوَجِّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا زُبَيْدُ الْيَامِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَيْسَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ يُقَرِّبُكُمْ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَيُبَاعِدُكُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ، وَلَيْسَ شَيْءٌ يُقَرِّبُكُمْ إِلَى النَّارِ وَيُبَاعِدُكُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ إِلَّا وَقَدْ نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ، وَإِنَّ الرُّوحَ الْأَمِينَ قَدْ نَفَثَ فِي رُوعِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ نَفْسٍ تَمُوتُ حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفِيَ رِزْقَهَا، فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَجْمِلُوا فِي الطَّلَبِ، وَلَا يَحْمِلَنَّكُمُ اسْتِبْطَاءُ الرِّزْقِ أَنْ تَطْلُبُوهُ بِمَعَاصِي اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُدْرَكُ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا بِطَاعَتِهِ" (٢) وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ. ﴿وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ فَأَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ (٦١) اللَّهُ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَقْدِرُ لَهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (٦٢) وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِهَا لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ (٦٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي كُفَّارَ مَكَّةَ، ﴿وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ فَأَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ﴾ (٣) . ﴿اللَّهُ، يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَقْدِرُ لَهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ﴾ (٤) . ﴿وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِهَا لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ﴾ عَلَى أَنَّ الْفَاعِلَ لِهَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ هُوَ اللَّهُ، ﴿بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ﴾ وَقِيلَ: قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لله على

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في الزهد، باب ما جاء في الزهادة في الدنيا: ٧ / ٨، وقال: "هذا حديث حسن صحيح"، وابن ماجه في الزهد، باب التوكل واليقين، برقم (٤١٦٤) : ٢ / ١٣٩٤، وصححه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٤ / ٣١٨، وأخرجه الإمام أحمد: ١ / ٣٠، ٥٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٠١. (٢) أخرجه الحاكم: ٢ / ٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٠٣-٣٠٤، وعزاه في المشكاة: (٣ / ١٤٥٨) للبيهقي في شعب الإيمان وله شواهد من حديث جابر والمطلب ساقها المصنف في شرح السنة والحاكم في المستدرك، فيتقوى الحديث بها. (٣) أي: فأنى يصرفون عمن صنع ذلك، فيعدلون عن إخلاص العبادة له. الطبري: ٢١ / ١١. (٤) يقول تعالى ذكره: الله يوسع من رزقه لمن يشاء من خلقه، ويضيق فيقتر لمن يشاء منهم، يقول: فأرزاقكم وقسمتها بينكم ايها الناس بيدي دون كل أحد سواي، أبسط لمن شئت منها، وأقتر على من شئت ... (إن الله بكل شيء عليم) يقول: إن الله عليم بمصالحكم، ومنهم لا يصلح له إلا البسط في الرزق، ومن لا يصلح له إلا التقتير عليه، وهو عالم بذلك. الطبري: ٢١ / ١٢.