Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/253)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

wherever you may be. “And He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing”: He hears your words, “We cannot find anything to spend in Medina,” and He knows what is in your hearts.

Sufyan said, on the authority of Ali ibn al-Aqmar, concerning “How many a creature carries not its own provision”: “It does not store anything for the next day.” Sufyan said: “No creature of Allah stores anything away except the human being, the mouse, and the ant.” (1)

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha‘labi informed us; Abu Abd Allah al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi informed me; Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Daqqaq informed us; Muhammad ibn Abd al-Aziz informed us; Isma‘il ibn Zurara al-Raqqi informed us; Abu al-Atuf al-Jarrah ibn Minhal informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Ata’ ibn Abi ⦗69a⦘ Rabah, from Ibn Umar, who said:

“I entered one of the gardens of the Ansar with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, began picking fresh dates with his hand and eating them. He said, ‘Eat, O Ibn Umar.’ I said, ‘I do not desire them, O Messenger of Allah.’ He said, ‘But I desire them, and this is the fourth morning since I have had food to eat or found any.’ I said, ‘Indeed, we belong to Allah; Allah is the One whose help is sought.’ He said, ‘O Ibn Umar, were I to ask my Lord, He would grant me the like of the dominion of Chosroes and Caesar, multiplied many times over. Yet I go hungry one day and eat my fill the next. What will your state be, O Ibn Umar, if you live long enough to remain among the dregs of people, who store away a year’s provision and whose certainty grows weak?’ Then the verse was revealed: ‘How many a creature carries not its own provision,’ to the end of the verse.” (3)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Muhammad al-Husayn ibn Ahmad al-Makhladi informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Sarraj informed us; Qutaybah ibn Sa‘id informed us; Ja‘far ibn Sulayman informed us, from Thabit, from Anas, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “He would not store anything for the next day.” (4)

(1) See these views in al-Tabari, 21/11; al-Durr al-Manthur, 6/475. (2) The text within parentheses is omitted in manuscript A. (3) Al-Suyuti, 6/475, attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Mardawayh, al-Bayhaqi, and Ibn Asakir, through a weak chain of transmission. It was also narrated by al-Wahidi in Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 396-97. Ibn Kathir said, 3/421: “This is a strange hadith, and Abu al-Atuf al-Jazari is weak.” Al-Qurtubi said, 13/360: “This is weak, and it is further weakened by the fact that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to store for his family provisions for a year, as agreed upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim. The Companions also did so; they are the exemplars and leaders for the pious who rely upon Allah after them.” Al-Shawkani said in Fath al-Qadir, 4/213: “This hadith contains a serious objection, since it contradicts the practice of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. He used to provide his wives with provisions for a year, as is established in the reliable hadith collections. Its chain includes Abu al-Atuf al-Jazari, who is weak.” (4) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Asceticism, chapter: “What Has Been Reported Concerning the Living of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and His Family,” 7/26. He said: “This is a solitary hadith (gharib). It has also been narrated by others besides Ja'far ibn Sulayman, from Thabit, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in mursal form.” Ibn Hibban graded it authentic, no. 2139, p. 525 of Mawarid al-Zam'an; it was also narrated by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13/253. Al-Manawi said in Fayd al-Qadir, 5/183: “The chain of this hadith is sound.” This hadith does not contradict the previous report that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, stored provisions for his dependents for a year: he did not store for himself, but for others, such as his family; or he granted them ownership of it and apportioned it among them, as he apportioned to the other Muslims from the fay' that Allah had bestowed upon him. And Allah knows best.

حَيْثُ كُنْتُمْ، ﴿وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ﴾ السَّمِيعُ لِأَقْوَالِكُمْ: لَا نَجِدُ مَا نُنْفِقُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، الْعَلِيمُ بِمَا فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ. وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْأَقْمَرِ: وَكَأَيْنٍ مِنْ دَابَّةٍ لَا تَحْمِلُ رِزْقَهَا، قَالَ: لَا تَدَّخِرُ شَيْئًا لِغَدٍ. قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ يُخَبِّأُ إِلَّا الْإِنْسَانُ وَالْفَأْرَةُ وَالنَّمْلَةُ (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدَّقَّاقُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ الرَّقِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَطُوفِ الْجَرَّاحُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بن أبي ٦٩/أرَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ [حَائِطًا مِنْ حَوَائِطِ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ] (٢) يَلْقُطُ الرُّطَبَ بِيَدِهِ وَيَأْكُلُ، فَقَالَ: كُلْ يَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ، قُلْتُ: لَا أَشْتَهِيهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: لَكِنِّي أَشْتَهِيهِ، وَهَذِهِ صُبْحٌ رَابِعَةٌ مُنْذُ لَمْ أُطْعَمْ طَعَامًا وَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ، فَقُلْتُ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ، اللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ، قَالَ: يَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ لَوْ سَأَلْتُ رُبِّيَ لَأَعْطَانِي مِثْلَ مُلْكِ كِسْرَى وَقَيْصَرَ أَضْعَافًا مُضَاعَفَةً، وَلَكِنْ أَجُوعُ يَوْمًا وَأَشْبَعُ يَوْمًا فَكَيْفَ بِكَ يَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ إِذَا عَمَّرْتَ وَبَقِيتَ فِي حُثَالَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ يُخَبِّئُونَ رِزْقَ سَنَةٍ وَيَضْعُفُ الْيَقِينُ، فَنَزَلَتْ (٣) ﴿وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ دَابَّةٍ لَا تَحْمِلُ رِزْقَهَا﴾ الْآيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَخْلَدِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ السَّرَّاجُ، أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: كَانَ لَا يَدَّخِرُ شَيْئًا لِغَدٍ (٤) .

(١) انظر هذه الأقوال في: الطبري: ٢١ / ١١، الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٤٧٥. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٣) عزاه السيوطي: (٦ / ٤٧٥) لعبد بن حميد، وابن أبي حاتم، وابن مردويه، والبيهقي، وابن عساكر بسند ضعيف. وأخرجه الواحدي في أسباب النزول ص (٣٩٦-٣٩٧) . قال الحافظ ابن كثير: (٣ / ٤٢١) : "هذا حديث غريب، وأبو العطوف الجزري ضعيف". وقال القرطبي: (١٣ / ٣٦٠) : "وهذا ضعيف، يضعفه أنه ﵊ كان يدخر لأهله قوت سنتهم، (اتفق البخاري ومسلم عليه) وكانت الصحابة يفعلون ذلك، وهم القدوة وأهل اليقين والأئمة لمن بعدهم من المتقين المتوكلين". وقال الشوكاني في "فتح القدير" (٤ / ٢١٣) : "وهذا الحديث فيه نكارة شديدة لمخالفته لما كان عليه النبي ﵌ فقد كان يعطي نساءه قوت العام كما ثبت ذلك في كتب الحديث المعتبرة. وفي إسناده أبو العطوف الجزري وهو ضعيف". (٤) أخرجه الترمذي في الزهد، باب ما جاء في معيشة النبي ﷺ وأهله: ٧ / ٢٦، وقال: "هذا حديث غريب. وقد روى هذا غير جعفر بن سليمان عن ثابت عن النبي ﷺ مرسلا"، وصححه ابن حبان برقم (٢١٣٩) ص (٥٢٥) من موارد الظمآن. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٢٥٣، وقال المناوي في "فيض القدير" (٥ / ١٨٣) : وسند الحديث جيد. ولا ينافي هذا الحديث ما سبق من أن النبي ﷺ كان يدخر لعياله قوت سنة، فهو كان لا يدخر لنفسه صلى الله عليه وإنما كان يدخر لغيره كأهله، أو يملكهم ذلك ويقسمه لهم أسوة بغيرهم فيما كان يقسم للمسلمين مما أفاء الله عليه. والله أعلم.