Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/252)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

where sins are committed and he is unable to change that situation to emigrate to a place where he is able to worship. (1)

It was also said that this was revealed concerning people who remained behind in Mecca rather than emigrating. They said, “If we emigrate, we fear hunger and hardship of livelihood.” So Allah revealed this verse and did not excuse them for failing to depart. Mutarrif ibn Abd Allah said: “My earth is vast” means: My provision for you is abundant, so depart. (2)

“Every soul will taste death; then to Us you will be returned. (57) As for those who believe and do righteous deeds, We shall surely lodge them in lofty chambers in Paradise, beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. Excellent is the reward of those who work—(58) those who are patient and place their trust in their Lord. (59) How many a creature carries not its own provision! Allah provides for it and for you. And He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. (60)”

“Every soul will taste death”: He reminded them of death in order to make emigration easier for them; that is, every person will die wherever he may be. So do not remain in the land of polytheism out of fear of death. “Then to Us you will be returned”: then We shall recompense you for your deeds. Abu Bakr recited it as “they will be returned,” with a ya.

“As for those who believe and do righteous deeds, We shall surely lodge them”: Hamzah and al-Kisa'i recited it with a vowelless tha, without a hamzah. One says: thawā of a man when he resides somewhere, and athwaytuhu when I lodge him in a dwelling in which he resides. The other reciters read it with ba, with a fathah, a doubled waw, and a hamzah after it, meaning: We shall surely settle them. “In lofty chambers in Paradise”: elevated dwellings, “beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. Excellent is the reward of those who work.”

“Those who are patient”: in the face of hardships, and who did not abandon their religion because of an affliction that befell them. “And place their trust in their Lord”: they rely upon Him.

“How many a creature carries not its own provision!” This was because the Prophet ﷺ said to the believers in Mecca, after the idolaters had harmed them: “Emigrate to Medina.” They said, “How can we go out to Medina when we have neither a home nor wealth there? Who will feed us and give us drink there?” So Allah revealed: “How many a creature”—(3) that is, a creature in need of nourishment—“carries not its own provision,” meaning that it does not carry its provision with it or store anything for the next day, like grazing animals and birds. “Allah provides for it and for you.”

(1) Al-Tabari, 21/9; Al-Durr al-Manthur, 6/474; Zad al-Masir, 6/281. (2) Al-Tabari reported it from him, 21/10. He preferred the first view, based on the indication of Allah's statement, “So worship Me alone,” and because this is the more apparent of its two meanings. When the earth is described as spacious, this generally means that it is not entirely too constrained for one who finds a particular place within it constricting, rather than that it is being described as abundant in goodness and fertility. (3) Ibn al-Jawzi mentioned it from Ibn Abbas without a chain of transmission, 6/282; see also al-Qurtubi, 13/360, which includes the weak hadith cited below.

بِالْمَعَاصِي وَلَا يُمْكِنُهُ تَغْيِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يُهَاجِرَ إِلَى حَيْثُ يَتَهَيَّأُ لَهُ الْعِبَادَةُ (١) . وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي قَوْمٍ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنِ الْهِجْرَةِ بِمَكَّةَ، وَقَالُوا: نَخْشَى، إِنْ هَاجَرْنَا، مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَضِيقِ الْمَعِيشَةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَلَمْ يَعْذُرْهُمْ بِتَرْكِ الْخُرُوجِ. وَقَالَ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: "أَرْضِيَ وَاسِعَةٌ" أَيْ: رِزْقِي لَكُمْ وَاسِعٌ فَاخْرُجُوا (٢) . ﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ ثُمَّ إِلَيْنَا تُرْجَعُونَ (٥٧) وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَنُبَوِّئَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ غُرَفًا تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا نِعْمَ أَجْرُ الْعَامِلِينَ (٥٨) الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ (٥٩) وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ دَابَّةٍ لَا تَحْمِلُ رِزْقَهَا اللَّهُ يَرْزُقُهَا وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (٦٠) ﴾ ﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ﴾ خَوَّفَهُمْ بِالْمَوْتِ لِيُهَوِّنَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْهِجْرَةَ، أَيْ: كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مَيِّتٌ أَيْنَمَا كَانَ فَلَا تُقِيمُوا بِدَارِ الشِّرْكِ خَوْفًا مِنَ الْمَوْتِ، ﴿ثُمَّ إِلَيْنَا تُرْجَعُونَ﴾ فَنَجْزِيكُمْ بِأَعْمَالِكُمْ، وَقَرَأَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: "يُرْجَعُونَ بِالْيَاءِ". ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَنُبَوِّئَنَّهُمْ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ، وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: بِالثَّاءِ سَاكِنَةً مِنْ غَيْرِ هَمْزٍ، يُقَالُ: ثَوَى الرَّجُلُ إِذَا أَقَامَ، وَأَثْوَيْتُهُ: إِذَا أَنْزَلْتُهُ مَنْزِلًا يُقِيمُ فِيهِ. وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالْبَاءِ وَفَتْحِهَا وَتَشْدِيدِ الْوَاوِ وَهَمْزَةٍ بَعْدَهَا، أَيْ: لَنُنْزِلَنَّهُمْ، ﴿مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ غُرَفًا﴾ عَلَالِيَ، ﴿تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا نِعْمَ أَجْرُ الْعَامِلِينَ﴾ ﴿الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا﴾ عَلَى الشَّدَائِدِ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوا دِينَهُمْ لِشِدَّةٍ لَحِقَتْهُمْ، ﴿وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ﴾ يَعْتَمِدُونَ. ﴿وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ دَابَّةٍ لَا تَحْمِلُ رِزْقَهَا﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا بِمَكَّةَ وَقَدْ آذَاهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ: "هَاجَرُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ"، فَقَالُوا: كَيْفَ نَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَلَيْسَ لَنَا بِهَا دَارٌ وَلَا مَالٌ، فَمَنْ يُطْعِمُنَا بِهَا وَيَسْقِينَا؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ دَابَّةٍ﴾ (٣) ذَاتِ حَاجَةٍ إِلَى غِذَاءٍ، ﴿لَا تَحْمِلُ رِزْقَهَا﴾ أَيْ: لَا تَرْفَعُ رِزْقَهَا مَعَهَا وَلَا تَدَّخِرُ شَيْئًا لِغَدٍ مِثْلَ الْبَهَائِمِ وَالطَّيْرِ، ﴿اللَّهُ، يَرْزُقُهَا وَإِيَّاكُمْ﴾

(١) الطبري: ٢١ / ٩، الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٤٧٤، زاد المسير: ٦ / ٢٨١. (٢) أخرجه الطبري عنه: ٢١ / ١٠، ورجح القول الأول، لدلالة قوله تعالى: "فإياي فاعبدون" على ذلك، وأن ذلك هو أظهر معنييه، وذلك أن الأرض إذا وصفها بسعة، فالغالب من وصفه إياها بذلك أنها لا تضيق جميعها على من ضاق عليه منها موضع، لا أنه وصفها بكثرة الخير والخصيب. (٣) ذكره ابن الجوزي عن ابن عباس دون سند: ٦ / ٢٨٢، والقرطبي: ١٣ / ٣٦٠، وفيه الحديث الضعيف الآتي.