Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/242)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

And [We destroyed] Korah, Pharaoh, and Haman. Moses came to them with clear proofs, but they acted arrogantly in the land; nor could they escape Us. (39)

So We seized each of them for his sin: among them were those upon whom We sent a tempest of stones; among them were those overtaken by the mighty blast; among them were those whom We caused the earth to swallow; and among them were those whom We drowned. Allah would not wrong them, but they wronged themselves. (40)

“And [We destroyed] ‘Ad and Thamud”: that is, We destroyed ‘Ad and Thamud. “Their ruined dwellings have certainly made this clear to you,” O people of Mecca—their homes at al-Hijr and Yemen. “Satan made their deeds seem fair to them and so barred them from the way”: from the way of truth, “although they were people of insight.” Muqatil, al-Kalbi, and Qatadah said: They were impressed with their religion and misguidance, thinking that they were upon guidance when in fact they were upon falsehood (1). The meaning is that they considered themselves to be people of insight. Al-Farra’ said: They were intelligent people, endowed with perception (2).

“And [We destroyed] Korah, Pharaoh, and Haman”: that is, We destroyed these people. “Moses came to them with clear proofs”: with evidences. “But they acted arrogantly in the land; nor could they escape Us”: that is, they could not escape Our punishment.

“So We seized each of them for his sin: among them were those upon whom We sent a tempest of stones”: the people of Lot. A hāsib is a wind that carries small stones. “Among them were those overtaken by the mighty blast”: namely, Thamud. “Among them were those whom We caused the earth to swallow”: namely, Korah and his followers. “And among them were those whom We drowned”: namely, the people of Noah, Pharaoh, and his people. “Allah would not wrong them, but they wronged themselves” (3).

(1) This is the view preferred by al-Tabari, 20/150. (2) Ma'ani al-Quran, 2/213. It was also preferred by al-Qurtubi, 13/344. (3) The Exalted says: Allah would not destroy those nations He destroyed because of the sins of others, thereby wronging them by destroying them without deserving it. Rather, He destroyed them because of their own sins, their disbelief in their Lord, and their denial of His blessings upon them, despite the continuity of His beneficence toward them and the abundance of His favors bestowed upon them. Yet they were wronging themselves through their disposition of their Lord's blessings, their enjoyment of His bounties, their worship of others besides Him, and their disobedience to the One who had bestowed blessings upon them. Tafsir al-Tabari, 20/152.

﴿وَقَارُونَ وَفِرْعَوْنَ وَهَامَانَ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ مُوسَى بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا كَانُوا سَابِقِينَ (٣٩) فَكُلًّا أَخَذْنَا بِذَنْبِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ حَاصِبًا وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَخَذَتْهُ الصَّيْحَةُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ خَسَفْنَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَغْرَقْنَا وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ (٤٠) ﴾ ﴿وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ﴾ أَيْ: وَأَهْلَكْنَا عَادًا وَثَمُودًا، ﴿وَقَدْ تَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ﴾ يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ، ﴿مِنْ مَسَاكِنِهِمْ﴾ مَنَازِلِهِمْ بِالْحِجْرِ وَالْيَمَنِ، ﴿وَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ فَصَدَّهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ عَنْ سَبِيلِ الْحَقِّ ﴿وَكَانُوا مُسْتَبْصِرِينَ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ، وَالْكَلْبِيُّ، وَقَتَادَةُ: كَانُوا مُعْجَبِينَ فِي دِينِهِمْ وَضَلَالَتِهِمْ، يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى هُدًى، وَهُمْ عَلَى الْبَاطِلِ (١) ، وَالْمَعْنَى: أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا عِنْدَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مُسْتَبْصِرِينَ. قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: كَانُوا عُقَلَاءَ ذَوِي بَصَائِرَ (٢) . ﴿وَقَارُونَ وَفِرْعَوْنَ وَهَامَانَ﴾ أَيْ: أَهْلَكْنَا هَؤُلَاءِ، ﴿وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ مُوسَى بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ﴾ بِالدَّلَالَاتِ، ﴿فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا كَانُوا سَابِقِينَ﴾ أَيْ: فَائِتِينَ مِنْ عَذَابِنَا. ﴿فَكُلًّا أَخَذْنَا بِذَنْبِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ حَاصِبًا﴾ قوم لوط، و"الحاصب": الرِّيحُ الَّتِي تَحْمِلُ الحصباء، وهي الحصاه الصِّغَارُ، ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَخَذَتْهُ الصَّيْحَةُ﴾ يَعْنِي ثَمُودَ، ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ خَسَفْنَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ﴾ يَعْنِي قَارُونَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ، ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَغْرَقْنَا﴾ يَعْنِي: قَوْمَ نُوحٍ، وَفِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمَهُ، ﴿وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ﴾ (٣) .

(١) وهو ما رجحه الطبري: ٢٠ / ١٥٠. (٢) معاني القرآن: ٢ / ٢١٣ ورجحه القرطبي أيضا: ١٣ / ٣٤٤. (٣) يقول تعالى ذكره: ولم يكن الله ليهلك هؤلاء الأمم -الذين أهلكهم- بذنوب غيرهم، فيظلمهم بإهلاكه إياهم بغير استحقاق، بل إنما أهلكهم بذنوبهم، وكفرهم بربهم، وجحودهم نعمه عليهم، مع تتابع إحسانه عليهم، وكثرة أياديه عندهم، ولكن كانوا أنفسهم يظلمون بتصرفهم في نعم ربهم، وتقلبهم في آلائه، وعبادتهم غيره، ومعصيتهم من أنعم عليهم. تفسير الطبري: ٢٠ / ١٥٢.