Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/241)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and his family, except for his wife: she was among those left behind,” that is, those remaining to suffer the punishment.

Hamzah, al-Kisa’i, and Ya‘qub read the verb in its ungeminated form, while the remaining reciters read it in its geminated form.

“And when Our messengers came to Lot, he was distressed by them and felt powerless to protect them. They said, ‘Do not fear, nor grieve. We shall save you and your family, except for your wife: she will be among those left behind. (33) Indeed, We shall send down upon the people of this town a punishment from heaven because of their persistent disobedience. (34) And We have certainly left behind from it a clear sign for people who understand. (35) And to Midian We sent their brother Shuayb. He said, ‘My people, worship Allah and fear the Last Day, and do not go about the earth spreading corruption.’ (36) But they denied him, so the earthquake seized them, and by morning they lay lifeless in their homes. (37)”

“When Our messengers came to Lot,” he assumed that they were human beings. “He was distressed by them and felt powerless because of them,” that is, because of their arrival. They said, “Do not fear”—your people on our account—“nor grieve” over Our destroying them. “We shall save you and your family, except for your wife: she will be among those left behind.” Ibn Kathir, Hamzah, al-Kisa’i, Abu Bakr, and Ya‘qub read the verb in its ungeminated form, while the others read it in its geminated form.

“Indeed, We shall send down”—Ibn ‘Amir read the verb in its geminated form, while the others read it in its ungeminated form—“upon the people of this town a punishment,” that is, a torment, “from heaven.” Muqatil said: the earth swallowing them up and a rain of stones. “Because of their persistent disobedience.”

“And We have certainly left behind from it,” that is, from the towns of Lot, “a clear sign,” a manifest lesson, “for people who understand,” who ponder the signs with the reflection of people of understanding. Ibn ‘Abbas said: The clear sign is the remains of their ruined dwellings. Qatadah said: It is the stones by which they were destroyed; Allah preserved them until the earliest generations of this community came upon them. Mujahid said: It is the appearance of black water upon the surface of the earth. (1)

“And to Midian We sent their brother Shuayb,” that is, We sent to Midian their brother Shuayb. He said, “My people, worship Allah and fear the Last Day,” that is, fear it, “and do not go about the earth spreading corruption.”

(1) It is possible that the sign refers to either of these, for there is no explicit text from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on this matter. Al-Tabari, may Allah have mercy on him, said (20:149): “The Exalted says: We indeed left behind from what We did to them a sign—that is, a clear lesson and a powerful admonition for people who understand Allah’s proofs and reflect upon His warnings. In my view, that clear sign is the effacement of their traces and the disappearance of their landmarks.”

قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ وَيَعْقُوبُ:" ﴿لَنُنْجِيَنَّهُ﴾ بِالتَّخْفِيفِ، وَقَرَأَ الْبَاقُونَ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ، ﴿وَأَهْلَهُ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَهُ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ﴾ أَيِ: الْبَاقِينَ فِي الْعَذَابِ. ﴿وَلَمَّا أَنْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا لُوطًا سِيءَ بِهِمْ وَضَاقَ بِهِمْ ذَرْعًا وَقَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ وَلَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّا مُنَجُّوكَ وَأَهْلَكَ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَكَ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ (٣٣) إِنَّا مُنْزِلُونَ عَلَى أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ رِجْزًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ (٣٤) وَلَقَدْ تَرَكْنَا مِنْهَا آيَةً بَيِّنَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (٣٥) وَإِلَى مَدْيَنَ أَخَاهُمْ شُعَيْبًا فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَارْجُوا الْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ (٣٦) فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ (٣٧) ﴾ ﴿وَلَمَّا أَنْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا لُوطًا﴾ ظَنَّ أَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ، ﴿سِيءَ بِهِمْ وَضَاقَ بِهِمْ﴾ بِمَجِيئِهِمْ ﴿ذَرْعًا وَقَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ﴾ قَوْمِكَ عَلَيْنَا، ﴿وَلَا تَحْزَنْ﴾ بِإِهْلَاكِنَا إِيَّاهُمْ، ﴿إِنَّا مُنَجُّوكَ وَأَهْلَكَ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَكَ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ، وَحَمْزَةُ، وَالْكِسَائِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَيَعْقُوبُ: "مُنْجُوكَ" بِالتَّخْفِيفِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ. ﴿إِنَّا مُنْزِلُونَ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالتَّخْفِيفِ، ﴿عَلَى أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ رِجْزًا﴾ عَذَابًا، ﴿مِنَ السَّمَاءِ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: الْخَسْفُ وَالْحَصْبُ، ﴿بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ﴾ ﴿وَلَقَدْ تَرَكْنَا مِنْهَا﴾ مِنْ قَرْيَاتِ لُوطٍ، ﴿آيَةً بَيِّنَةً﴾ عِبْرَةً ظَاهِرَةً، ﴿لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ﴾ يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْآيَاتِ تَدَبُّرَ ذَوِي الْعُقُولِ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: الْآيَةُ الْبَيِّنَةُ: آثَارُ مَنَازِلِهِمُ الْخَرِبَةِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هِيَ الْحِجَارَةُ الَّتِي أُهْلِكُوا بِهَا أَبْقَاهَا اللَّهُ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهَا أَوَائِلُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هِيَ ظُهُورُ الْمَاءِ الْأَسْوَدِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ (١) . ﴿وَإِلَى مَدْيَنَ أَخَاهُمْ شُعَيْبًا﴾ أَيْ: وَأَرْسَلَنَا إِلَى مَدْيَنَ أَخَاهُمْ شُعَيْبًا، ﴿فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَارْجُوا الْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ﴾ أَيْ: وَاخْشَوْا، ﴿وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ﴾

(١) جائز أن تكون هذه الآية هذا أو ذاك ولا نص في ذلك عن النبي ﷺ قال الطبري ﵀ (٢٠ / ١٤٩) : "يقول تعالى ذكره: ولقد أبقينا من فعلتنا التي فعلنا بهم آية، يقول: عبرة بينة وعظة واعظة لقوم يعقلون عن الله حججه، ويتفكرون في مواعظه، وتلك الآية البينة هي عندي: عفو آثارهم ودروس معالمهم".