Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/239)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And We granted him Isaac and Jacob, and We placed prophethood and Scripture among his descendants. We gave him his reward in this world, and in the Hereafter he will surely be among the righteous. (27)

“And Lot, when he said to his people, ‘Indeed, you commit an outrageous indecency that no one in all the worlds has ever committed before you. (28) Do you indeed approach men, cut off the road, and commit evil in your gatherings?’ Yet his people’s only answer was to say, ‘Bring Allah’s punishment upon us, if you are truthful.’ (29)”

“And We granted him Isaac and Jacob, and We placed prophethood and Scripture among his descendants.” It is said that Allah did not send any prophet after Abraham except from among his progeny. “We gave him his reward in this world”: this was the good praise he received, for the followers of every religion regard him with allegiance. Al-Suddi said: It was a righteous child. It was also said that it was his being shown his place in Paradise. “And in the Hereafter he will surely be among the righteous,” that is, among the company of the righteous. Ibn ‘Abbas said: Such as Adam and Noah.

His saying, exalted is He: “And Lot, when he said to his people, ‘Indeed, you...” Abu ‘Amr, Hamzah, al-Kisa’i, and Abu Bakr recited it interrogatively: “Do you indeed...?” The remaining reciters read it without interrogation. They all agreed on reading the second occurrence interrogatively: “You commit an outrageous indecency,” namely, approaching men, “that no one in all the worlds has ever committed before you.”

“Do you indeed approach men, cut off the road...” This was because they would commit the indecency with travelers passing by them, until people ceased passing through their land. It was also said that they cut off the way of procreation by preferring men to women. “And commit evil in your gatherings”: a gathering-place, an assembly, and a meeting-place all refer to the people’s sitting-place and place of conversation.

Abu Sa‘id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; Abu al-‘Abbas ibn Sahl ibn Muhammad al-Marwazi informed us; my maternal grandfather, Abu al-Hasan al-Mahmudi, informed us; Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah informed us that Bishr ibn Mu‘adh related to them: Yazid ibn Zuray‘ informed us; Hatim ibn Abi Saghirah informed us, from Simak ibn Harb, from Abu Salih, the freedman of Umm Hani bint Abi Talib, [from Umm Hani] (1), who said: I asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about His saying, “And commit evil in your gatherings.” I said: What was the evil that they used to commit? He said: “They used to pelt passersby and mock them.” (2)

(1) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (2) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in his exegesis of Surat al-Ankabut, 9:49-50. He said: “This is a hasan hadith; we know it only through the narration of Hatim ibn Abi Saghirah from Sammak.” Al-Hakim authenticated it according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs, 2:409, and al-Dhahabi concurred. It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad, 6:341, and al-Tabari, 20:145. Al-Suyuti stated in al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:460: “It was recorded by al-Firyabi, Ahmad, Abd ibn Humayd, al-Tirmidhi, who graded it hasan, Ibn Abi al-Dunya in Kitab al-Samt (The Book of Silence), Ibn Jarir, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, al-Shashi in his Musnad, al-Tabarani, al-Hakim, who authenticated it, Ibn Mardawayh, al-Bayhaqi in al-Shuab, and Ibn Asakir.”

﴿وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْكِتَابَ وَآتَيْنَاهُ أَجْرَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ (٢٧) وَلُوطًا إِذْ قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَأْتُونَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مَا سَبَقَكُمْ بِهَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ (٢٨) أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَأْتُونَ الرِّجَالَ وَتَقْطَعُونَ السَّبِيلَ وَتَأْتُونَ فِي نَادِيكُمُ الْمُنْكَرَ فَمَا كَانَ جَوَابَ قَوْمِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ قَالُوا ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ (٢٩) ﴾ ﴿وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْكِتَابَ﴾ يُقَالُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَبْعَثْ نَبِيًّا بَعْدَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَّا مِنْ نَسْلِهِ، ﴿وَآتَيْنَاهُ أَجْرَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا﴾ وَهُوَ الثَّنَاءُ الْحَسَنُ فَكُلُّ أَهْلِ الْأَدْيَانِ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُ، وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: هُوَ الْوَلَدُ الصَّالِحُ، وَقِيلَ: هُوَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى مَكَانَهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، ﴿وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ﴾ أَيْ: فِي زُمْرَةِ الصَّالِحِينَ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مِثْلَ آدَمَ وَنُوحٍ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلُوطًا إِذْ قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ إِنَّكُمْ﴾ قَرَأَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو، وَحَمْزَةُ، وَالْكِسَائِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ: "أَئِنَّكُمْ" بِالِاسْتِفْهَامِ، وَقَرَأَ الْبَاقُونَ بِلَا اسْتِفْهَامٍ، وَاتَّفَقُوا عَلَى اسْتِفْهَامِ الثَّانِيَةِ، ﴿لَتَأْتُونَ الْفَاحِشَةَ﴾ وَهِيَ إِتْيَانُ الرِّجَالِ، ﴿مَا سَبَقَكُمْ بِهَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ ﴿أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَأْتُونَ الرِّجَالَ وَتَقْطَعُونَ السَّبِيلَ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ الْفَاحِشَةَ بِمَنْ يَمُرُّ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُسَافِرِينَ، فَتَرَكَ النَّاسُ الْمَمَرَّ بِهِمْ. وَقِيلَ: تَقْطَعُونَ سَبِيلَ النَّسْلِ بِإِيثَارِ الرِّجَالِ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ، ﴿وَتَأْتُونَ فِي نَادِيكُمُ الْمُنْكَرَ﴾ النَّادِي، وَالنَّدَى، وَالْمُنْتَدَى: مَجْلِسُ الْقَوْمِ وَمُتَحَدَّثُهُمْ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي لِأُمِّي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمَحْمُودِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، أَنَّ بِشْرَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ حَدَّثَهُمْ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ أَبِي صَغِيرَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى أَمِّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ [عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ] (١) قَالَتْ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَتَأْتُونَ فِي نَادِيكُمُ الْمُنْكَرَ﴾ قُلْتُ: مَا الْمُنْكَرُ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَأْتُونَهُ؟ قَالَ: "كَانُوا يَحْذِفُونَ أَهْلَ الطُّرُقِ وَيَسْخَرُونَ بِهِمْ" (٢) .

(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) أخرجه الترمذي في تفسير سورة العنكبوت: ٩ / ٤٩-٥٠ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن، إنما نعرفه من حديث حاتم بن أبي صغيرة عن سماك" وصححه الحاكم على شرط الشيخين: ٢ / ٤٠٩، ووافقه الذهبي، وأخرجه الإمام أحمد: ٦ / ٣٤١ والطبري: ٢٠ / ١٤٥. قال السيوطي في الدر (٦ / ٤٦٠) : "أخرجه الفريابي، وأحمد، وعبد بن حميد، والترمذي وحسنه، وابن أبي الدنيا في كتاب "الصمت"، وابن جرير، وابن المنذر، وابن ابي حاتم، والشاشي في مسنده، والطبراني، والحاكم وصححه، وابن مردويه، والبيهقي في "الشعب"، وابن عساكر".