Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/216)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

ibn Duhaym al-Shaybani informed us; Ahmad ibn Hazim ibn Abi Gharazah informed us; Abu Ghassan informed us; Khalid ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Wasiti informed us; Wasil, the client of Abu ‘Uyaynah, informed us, from Bashshar ibn Abi Sayf, from al-Walid ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman, from ‘Iyad ibn Ghudayf, who said: “We came to visit Abu ‘Ubaydah in his illness. He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: ‘Whoever spends surplus wealth in the way of Allah, its reward is seven hundredfold; and whoever spends on his family, the good deed is multiplied tenfold.’” (1)

Zayd ibn Aslam said: Some men would set out on military expeditions without provisions, and would either be stranded or become dependent upon others. So Allah, exalted is He, commanded them to spend on themselves in the way of Allah. Whoever has nothing to spend should not set out without provisions or sustenance, thereby casting himself into destruction. Thus, destruction means perishing through hunger, thirst, or walking.

It was also said that the verse was revealed concerning abandoning jihad. Abu Ayyub al-Ansari said: “It was revealed concerning us, the company of the Ansar. When Allah, exalted is He, strengthened His religion and granted victory to His Messenger, we said among ourselves: ‘We have neglected our families and our wealth until Islam became widespread and Allah granted victory to His Prophet. If only we were to return to our families and wealth, remain there, and restore what has been neglected of them.’ Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed: ‘And spend in the way of Allah, and do not cast yourselves with your own hands into destruction.’ Thus, destruction was remaining with one’s family and property and abandoning jihad.”

Abu Ayyub continued to strive in the way of Allah until his final campaign, which was against Constantinople during the time of Mu‘awiyah. He died there and was buried at the base of the wall of Constantinople, and they would seek rain through him.

It is narrated from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Whoever dies without having fought, or having resolved within himself to fight, dies upon a branch of hypocrisy.” (2)

(1) Reported by al-Tirmidhi, “The Virtues of Jihad,” chapter: “What Has Been Reported Regarding the Merit of Spending in Allah’s Cause,” 5:254. He said: “This is a hasan (sound) hadith; we know it only through the narration of Rukayn ibn al-Rabi'.” Al-Tirmidhi and al-Nasa'i relate it from Khuraym ibn Fatik without the additional wording, “and whoever spends on his family ...” Al-Nasa'i also reported it in “Jihad,” chapter: “The Merit of Spending in Allah’s Cause,” 6:49. The author also related it from Khuraym in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:359; its chain of transmission is sahih (authentic). (2) Reported by Muslim, “Leadership,” chapter: “The Condemnation of One Who Dies Without Having Fought or Having Considered Fighting,” no. 1910, 3:1517. The author also related it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:375.

بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمِ بْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْوَاسِطِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا وَاصِلٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ بَشَّارِ بْنِ أَبِي سَيْفٍ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ غُضَيْفٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْنَا أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ نَعُودُهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "مَنْ أَنْفَقَ نَفَقَةً فَاضِلَةً فِي سبيل الله فسبعمائة، وَمَنْ أَنْفَقَ نَفَقَةً عَلَى أَهْلِهِ فَالْحَسَنَةُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا" (١) وَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ: كَانَ رِجَالٌ يَخْرُجُونَ فِي الْبُعُوثِ بِغَيْرِ نَفَقَةٍ فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَقْطَعَ بِهِمْ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ كَانُوا عِيَالًا فَأَمَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْإِنْفَاقِ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ شَيْءٌ يُنْفِقُهُ فَلَا يَخْرُجُ بِغَيْرِ نَفَقَةٍ وَلَا قُوتٍ فَيُلْقِي بِيَدِهِ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ، فَالتَّهْلُكَةُ: أَنْ يَهْلِكَ مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَالْعَطَشِ أَوْ بِالْمَشْيِ، وَقِيلَ: أُنْزِلَتِ الْآيَةُ فِي تَرْكِ الْجِهَادِ، قَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ: نَزَلَتْ فِينَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا أَعَزَّ دِينَهُ وَنَصَرَ رَسُولَهُ قُلْنَا فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا: إِنَّا قَدْ تَرَكْنَا أَهْلَنَا وَأَمْوَالَنَا حَتَّى فَشَا الْإِسْلَامُ وَنَصَرَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ فَلَوْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى أَهْلِينَا وَأَمْوَالِنَا فَأَقَمْنَا فِيهَا فَأَصْلَحْنَا مَا ضَاعَ مِنْهَا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ﴿وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾ فَالتَّهْلُكَةُ الْإِقَامَةُ فِي الْأَهْلِ وَالْمَالِ وَتَرْكُ الْجِهَادِ، فَمَا زَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ يُجَاهِدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى كَانَ آخِرُ غَزْوَةٍ غَزَاهَا بِقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ فِي زَمَنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَتُوُفِّيَ هُنَاكَ وَدُفِنَ فِي أَصْلِ سُورِ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ وَهُمْ يَسْتَسْقُونَ بِهِ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَغْزُ وَلَمْ يُحَدِّثْ نَفْسَهُ بِالْغَزْوِ مَاتَ عَلَى شُعْبَةٍ مِنَ النِّفَاقِ" (٢) .

(١) رواه الترمذي: في فضائل الجهاد - باب: ما جاء في فضل النفقة في سبيل الله ٥ / ٢٥٤ وقال: هذا حديث حسن إنما نعرفه من حديث الركين بن ربيع. في الترمذي والنسائي عن خريم بن فاتك بدون زيادة (ومن أنفق نفقة على أهله..) . أخرجه النسائي: في الجهاد - باب: فضل النفقة في سبيل الله: ٦ / ٤٩. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٣٥٩ عن خريم وإسناده صحيح. (٢) رواه مسلم: في الإمارة - باب: ذم من مات ولم يغز ولم يحدث نفسه بالغزو برقم (١٩١٠) ٣ / ١٥١٧. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٣٧٥.