Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/215)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and say, “Our deeds are for us, and your deeds are for you,” meaning: our religion is ours, and your religion is yours. “Peace be upon you”: this does not mean the peace of greeting, but rather a declaration of disengagement. Its meaning is: You are safe from us; we will not answer you with insults or vile speech. “We do not seek the way of the ignorant,” that is, the religion of the ignorant; meaning, we do not approve of the religion that you follow. It was also said: We do not wish to be among those given to ignorance and foolishness. This was before the Muslims were commanded to fight. (1)

“Indeed, you cannot guide whom you love, but Allah guides whom He wills, and He knows best who are rightly guided. (56) And they say, ‘If we follow the guidance with you, we shall be driven from our land.’ Have We not established for them a secure sanctuary to which the fruits of every kind are brought as provision from Us? But most of them do not know. (57)”

His saying, exalted is He, “Indeed, you cannot guide whom you love,” means: whom you desire to be guided. It was also said: whom you love on account of his kinship. “But Allah guides whom He wills, and He knows best who are rightly guided.” Mujahid and Muqatil said: that is, those for whom guidance has been decreed. This was revealed concerning Abu Talib. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him: “Say, ‘There is no god but Allah,’ and I shall testify to it for you on the Day of Resurrection.” He replied: “Were it not that Quraysh would reproach me, saying, ‘Nothing but fear moved him to it,’ I would have delighted you by affirming it.” So Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. (2)

“And they say, ‘If we follow the guidance with you, we shall be driven from our land’”—that is, مكة (Mecca). This was revealed concerning al-Harith ibn Uthman ibn Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf. He said to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “We certainly know that what you say is true, but if we follow you in your religion, we fear that the Arabs will drive us out of our land, Mecca.” (3) This is the meaning of His saying, “we shall be driven from our land.” 64/b. To be driven away means to be snatched away swiftly.

Allah, exalted is He, said: “Have We not established for them a secure sanctuary?” For in the Age of Ignorance, the Arabs would raid one another and kill one another, while the people of Mecca remained safe wherever they were, on account of the sanctity of the Sacred Sanctuary. It is well known that within it gazelles were safe from wolves, and doves from kites. “To which ... are brought”: the people of Medina and Yaqub recited it as “are brought” with the feminine form, in agreement with “fruits”; the others recited it with the masculine form because the feminine noun is separated from its verb. That is, they are brought and gathered to it. One says, “I gathered water in the basin,” meaning, I collected it. Muqatil said: They are carried to the Sacred Sanctuary—“the fruits of every kind, as provision from Us. But most of them do not know”—that what he says is true.

(1) See above, 3:32, note (1). (2) Reported by Muslim in Kitab al-Iman (The Book of Faith), chapter: “Evidence for the validity of the Islam of one who is present at death,” no. 24, 1:55. It was also reported at greater length, with different wording, by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Tafsir (The Book of Exegesis), 8:506. See also al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:428; al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 390. (3) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:430, to al-Nasai and Ibn al-Mundhir, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him. See also al-Muharrar al-Wajiz, 12:177.

﴿وَقَالُوا لَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ﴾ لَنَا دِينُنَا وَلَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ، ﴿سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ لَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ سَلَامُ التَّحِيَّةِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ سَلَامُ الْمُتَارَكَةِ، مَعْنَاهُ: سَلِمْتُمْ مِنَّا لَا نُعَارِضُكُمْ بِالشَّتْمِ وَالْقَبِيحِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ، ﴿لَا نَبْتَغِي الْجَاهِلِينَ﴾ أَيْ: دِينَ الْجَاهِلِينَ، يَعْنِي: لَا نُحِبُّ دِينَكُمُ الَّذِي أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ. وَقِيلَ: لَا نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَهْلِ وَالسَّفَهِ، وَهَذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُؤْمَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِالْقِتَالِ (١) . ﴿إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ (٥٦) وَقَالُوا إِنْ نَتَّبِعِ الْهُدَى مَعَكَ نُتَخَطَّفْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا أَوَلَمْ نُمَكِّنْ لَهُمْ حَرَمًا آمِنًا يُجْبَى إِلَيْهِ ثَمَرَاتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ رِزْقًا مِنْ لَدُنَّا وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (٥٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ﴾ أَيْ: أَحْبَبْتَ هِدَايَتَهُ. وَقِيلَ: أَحْبَبْتَهُ لِقَرَابَتِهِ، ﴿وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَمُقَاتِلٌ: لِمَنْ قُدِّرَ لَهُ الْهُدَى، نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: قُلْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ لَكَ بِهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، قَالَ: لَوْلَا أَنْ تُعَيِّرَنِي قُرَيْشٌ، يَقُولُونَ: إِنِّمَا حَمَلَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْجَزَعُ، لَأَقْرَرْتُ بِهَا عَيْنَكَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٢) . ﴿وَقَالُوا إِنْ نَتَّبِعِ الْهُدَى مَعَكَ نُتَخَطَّفْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا﴾ مَكَّةَ، نَزَلَتْ فِي الْحَرْثِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: إِنَّا لَنَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الَّذِي تَقُولُ حَقٌّ، وَلَكِنَّا إِنِ اتَّبَعْنَاكَ عَلَى دِينِكَ خِفْنَا أَنْ تُخْرِجَنَا الْعَرَبُ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا مَكَّةَ (٣) . وَهُوَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿نُتَخَطَّفْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا﴾ ٦٤/ب، وَالِاخْتِطَافُ: الِانْتِزَاعُ بِسُرْعَةٍ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَوَلَمْ نُمَكِّنْ لَهُمْ حَرَمًا آمِنًا﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْعَرَبَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانَتْ تُغِيرُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَيَقْتُلُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، وَأَهْلُ مَكَّةَ آمِنُونَ حَيْثُ كَانُوا، لِحُرْمَةِ الْحَرَمِ، وَمِنَ الْمَعْرُوفِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمَنُ فِيهِ الظِّبَاءُ مِنَ الذِّئَابِ وَالْحَمَامُ مِنَ الْحِدَأَةِ، ﴿يُجْبَى﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَيَعْقُوبُ: "تُجْبَى" بِالتَّاءِ لِأَجْلِ الثَّمَرَاتِ، وَالْآخَرُونَ بِالْيَاءِ لِلْحَائِلِ بَيْنَ الِاسْمِ الْمُؤَنَّثِ وَالْفِعْلِ، أَيْ: يُجْلَبُ وَيُجْمَعُ، ﴿إِلَيْهِ﴾ يُقَالُ: جَبَيْتُ الْمَاءَ فِي الْحَوْضِ أَيْ: جَمَعْتُهُ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يُحْمَلُ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ، ﴿ثَمَرَاتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ رِزْقًا مِنْ لَدُنَّا وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ أَنَّ مَا يَقُولُهُ حَقٌ.

(١) راجع فيما سبق: ٣ / ٣٢ تعليق (١) . (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب الدليل على صحة إسلام من حضره الموت ... برقم (٢٤) : ١ / ٥٥، وأخرجه البخاري مطولا بلفظ آخر في التفسير: ٨ / ٥٠٦. وانظر: الدر المنثور ٦ / ٤٢٨، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٣٩٠) . (٣) عزاه السيوطي في الدر (٦ / ٤٣٠) للنسائي وابن المنذر، عن ابن عباس ﵄: وانظر: المحرر الوجيز: ١٢ / ١٧٧.