Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/214)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

they say, “We believe in it; indeed, it is the truth from our Lord. Indeed, even before it, we were Muslims.” (53) They will be given their reward twice over for having patiently endured; they repel evil with what is good, and they spend from what We have provided them. (54) And when they hear idle talk, they turn away from it and say, “Our deeds are for us, and your deeds are for you. Peace be upon you; we do not seek the way of the ignorant.” (55)

“And when it is recited to them,” meaning the Quran, “they say, ‘We believe in it; indeed, it is the truth from our Lord.’” This is because the mention of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was written for them in the Torah and the Gospel. “Indeed, even before it, we were Muslims,” that is, before the Quran, Muslims devoted sincerely to Allah through monotheism, believing that Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, was a true prophet.

“They will be given their reward twice over”: for their faith in the former Scripture and in the latter Scripture. “For having patiently endured,” that is, in adhering to their religion. Mujahid said: This was revealed concerning a group from among the People of the Book who embraced Islam and were persecuted. (1)

Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Abu Ali Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Hafs al-Juwayni informed us; Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Darimi informed us; Uthman informed us; Shubah informed us, from Salih, from al-Sha'bi, from Abu Burdah, from Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Three people will be given their reward twice over: a man who has a slave-girl, educates her well, then frees her and marries her; a man from among the People of the Book who believes in his Scripture and believes in Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him; and a slave who worships Allah well and is sincere toward his master.” (2)

His saying, exalted is He, “They repel evil with what is good”: Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: They ward off polytheism by the testimony that there is no god but Allah. Muqatil said: They respond to the harm and insults they hear from the idolaters with forbearance and pardon. (3) “And they spend from what We have provided them,” in acts of obedience.

“And when they hear idle talk,” meaning vile speech, “they turn away from it.” This is because the idolaters would insult the believing People of the Book, saying, “May you perish! You have abandoned your religion!” So they turn away from them and do not answer them,

(1) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:427, to Ibn Abi Shaybah and Ibn al-Mundhir. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Ilm (The Book of Knowledge), chapter: “A man teaching his female slave and his family,” 1:90; by Muslim in Kitab al-Iman (The Book of Faith), chapter: “The obligation of believing in Muhammad’s message to all people,” no. 97, 1:134; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:53. (3) See the preceding discussion under Surah al-Rad, verse 22.

﴿وَإِذَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ قَالُوا آمَنَّا بِهِ إِنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ مُسْلِمِينَ (٥٣) أُولَئِكَ يُؤْتَوْنَ أَجْرَهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ بِمَا صَبَرُوا وَيَدْرَءُونَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ السَّيِّئَةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ (٥٤) وَإِذَا سَمِعُوا اللَّغْوَ أَعْرَضُوا عَنْهُ وَقَالُوا لَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا نَبْتَغِي الْجَاهِلِينَ (٥٥) ﴾ ﴿وَإِذَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ يَعْنِي الْقُرْآنَ، ﴿قَالُوا آمَنَّا بِهِ إِنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّنَا﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ ذِكْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ، ﴿إِنَّا كُنَّا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ مُسْلِمِينَ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ قَبْلِ الْقُرْآنِ مُسْلِمِينَ مُخْلِصِينَ لِلَّهِ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ مُؤْمِنِينَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ حَقٌ. ﴿أُولَئِكَ يُؤْتَوْنَ أَجْرَهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ﴾ لِإِيمَانِهِمْ بِالْكِتَابِ الْأَوَّلِ وَبِالْكِتَابِ الْآخِرِ، ﴿بِمَا صَبَرُوا﴾ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي قَوْمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أَسْلَمُوا فَأُوذُوا (١) أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ الْجُوَيْنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "ثَلَاثَةٌ يُؤْتَوْنَ أَجْرَهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ: رَجُلٌ كَانَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ فَأَدَّبَهَا فَأَحْسَنَ تَأْدِيبَهَا ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا، وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ آمَنَ بِكِتَابِهِ وَآمَنَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَعَبَدٌ أَحْسَنَ عِبَادَةَ اللَّهِ وَنُصْحَ سَيِّدِهِ" (٢) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَيَدْرَءُونَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ السَّيِّئَةِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: يَدْفَعُونَ بِشَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الشِّرْكَ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يَدْفَعُونَ مَا سَمِعُوا مِنَ الْأَذَى وَالشَّتْمِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِالصَّفْحِ وَالْعَفْوِ (٣) ، ﴿وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ﴾ فِي الطَّاعَةِ. ﴿وَإِذَا سَمِعُوا اللَّغْوَ﴾ الْقَبِيحَ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ، ﴿أَعْرَضُوا عَنْهُ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَانُوا يَسُبُّونَ مُؤْمِنِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَيَقُولُونَ: تَبًّا لَكُمْ تَرَكْتُمْ دِينَكُمْ، فَيُعْرِضُونَ عَنْهُمْ وَلَا يَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ،

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر: ٦ / ٤٢٧ لابن أبي شيبة وابن المنذر. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في العلم، باب تعليم الرجل أمته وأهله: ١ / ٩٠، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب وجوب الإيمان برسالة محمد ﷺ إلى جميع الناس، برقم (٩٧) : ١ / ١٣٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٥٣. (٣) انظر فيما سبق: سورة الرعد، الآية (٢٢) .