Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/207)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

The meaning of the verse is: when the condition of your hand and the radiance you see from it have passed, put it into your bosom, and it will return to its former state. “The wing” means the entire hand; it is also said to mean the upper arm. Ata related from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him: Allah commanded him to draw his hand to his chest (1), so that the fear which had seized him upon seeing the snake would leave him. He said: No one who is afraid after Moses, when he places his hand upon his chest, will remain afraid. Mujahid said: Whoever is terrified and draws his two arms close to himself will be rid of his fright.

It is also said that what is meant by drawing in the wing is composure: that is, calm your fear and lower your side over yourself, for one who is afraid is apt to have his heart agitated and his body tremble. Similar to this is His saying: “And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy” (al-Isra' 17:24)—meaning, treat them gently—and His saying: “And lower your wing to those believers who follow you” (al-Shu'ara' 26:215), meaning: be gentle with them and show them kindness.

Al-Farra' said: By “wing” He meant the staff; that is, draw your staff close to yourself. It is also said that rahb means “sleeve” in the language of Himyar. Al-Asma'i said: I heard one of the Bedouins say, “Give me what is in your rahb,” meaning, “in your sleeve.” Thus, the meaning is: draw your hand close to yourself and take it out of your sleeve, because he had taken hold of the staff while his hand was in his sleeve. “These two” means the staff and the white hand; “two proofs” means two signs, “from your Lord to Pharaoh and his chiefs. Indeed, they were a defiantly disobedient people.”

“He said, ‘My Lord, I killed one of their people, and I fear that they will kill me (33). And my brother Aaron is more eloquent in speech than I am, so send him with me as a supporting helper to confirm me. Indeed, I fear that they will deny me (34).’”

“He said, ‘My Lord, I killed one of their people, and I fear that they will kill me.’”

“And my brother Aaron is more eloquent in speech than I am.” He said this because of the impediment in his tongue caused by placing the coal in his mouth (2). “So send him with me as a supporting helper”: that is, as an aid. One says, “I supported him,” meaning, “I assisted him.” Nafi' read ridan, with the dal carrying a fathah—

(1) In manuscript A: “his arm.” (2) This was discussed earlier in the Hadith al-Futun (the Hadith of Tribulations) in Surah Taha, and in this surah. It is found in al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:569-579. Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir also cited it in al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 1:300-307, stating: “This is how Imam al-Nasa'i related this hadith. Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim also transmitted it in their tafsir works through Yazid ibn Harun. What appears more likely—and Allah knows best—is that it is mawquf (stopped at a Companion); its being marfu (attributed to the Prophet) is questionable. Most of it is derived from Isra'iliyyat (Israelite reports), though a small portion of it is explicitly attributed to the Prophet within the report itself. Some parts are problematic and objectionable. Most likely, it consists of the words of Ka'b al-Ahbar. I heard our shaykh, al-Hafiz Abu al-Hajjaj al-Mizzi, say this as well. And Allah knows best.”

وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: إِذَا هَلَكَ أَمْرُ يَدِكَ وَمَا تَرَى مِنْ شُعَاعِهَا فَأَدْخِلْهَا فِي جَيْبِكَ تَعُدْ إِلَى حَالَتِهَا الْأُولَى. "وَالْجَنَاحُ": الْيَدُ كُلُّهَا. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ الْعَضُدُ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵃: أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَضُمَّ يَدَهُ إِلَى صَدْرِهِ (١) فَيَذْهَبَ عَنْهُ مَا نَالَهُ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ عِنْدَ مُعَايَنَةِ الْحَيَّةِ، وَقَالَ: مَا مِنْ خَائِفٍ بَعْدَ مُوسَى إِلَّا إِذَا وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ زَالَ خَوْفُهُ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: كُلٌّ مَنْ فَزِعَ فَضَمَّ جَنَاحَيْهِ إِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ الْفَزَعُ. وَقِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ مِنْ ضَمِّ الْجَنَاحِ: السُّكُونُ، أَيْ: سَكِّنْ رَوْعَكَ وَاخْفِضْ عَلَيْكَ جَانِبَكَ، لِأَنَّ مِنْ شَأْنِ الْخَائِفِ أَنْ يَضْطَرِبَ قَلْبُهُ وَيَرْتَعِدَ بَدَنُهُ، وَمِثْلُهُ قَوْلُهُ: "وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ" (الْإِسْرَاءِ-٢٤) ، يُرِيدُ الرِّفْقَ، وَقَوْلُهُ: "وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ" (الشُّعَرَاءِ-٢١٥) ، أَيْ: ارْفُقْ بِهِمْ وَأَلِنْ جَانِبَكَ لَهُمْ. قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: أَرَادَ بِالْجَنَاحِ الْعَصَا، مَعْنَاهُ: اضْمُمْ إِلَيْكَ عَصَاكَ. وَقِيلَ: "الرَّهْبُ" الْكُمُّ بِلُغَةِ حِمْيَرَ، قَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ الْأَعْرَابِ يَقُولُ: أَعْطِنِي مَا فِي رَهْبِكَ، أَيْ: فِي كُمِّكَ، مَعْنَاهُ: اضْمُمْ إِلَيْكَ يَدَكَ وَأَخْرِجْهَا مِنَ الْكُمِّ، لِأَنَّهُ تَنَاوَلَ الْعَصَا وَيَدُهُ فِي كُمِّهِ. ﴿فَذَانِكَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْعَصَا، وَالْيَدُ الْبَيْضَاءُ، ﴿بُرْهَانَانِ﴾ آيَتَانِ، ﴿مِنْ رَبِّكَ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ﴾ ﴿قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي قَتَلْتُ مِنْهُمْ نَفْسًا فَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونِ (٣٣) وَأَخِي هَارُونُ هُوَ أَفْصَحُ مِنِّي لِسَانًا فَأَرْسِلْهُ مَعِيَ رِدْءًا يُصَدِّقُنِي إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُكَذِّبُونِ (٣٤) ﴾ ﴿قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي قَتَلْتُ مِنْهُمْ نَفْسًا فَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونِ﴾ ﴿وَأَخِي هَارُونُ هُوَ أَفْصَحُ مِنِّي لِسَانًا﴾ وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِلْعُقْدَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ فِي لِسَانِهِ مِنْ وَضْعِ الْجَمْرَةِ فِي فِيهِ (٢) ، ﴿فَأَرْسِلْهُ مَعِيَ رِدْءًا﴾ عَوْنًا، يُقَالُ رَدَأْتُهُ أَيْ: أَعَنْتُهُ، قَرَأَ نَافِعٌ ﴿رِدًا﴾ بِفَتْحِ الدَّالِ

(١) في "أ" عضده. (٢) تقدم ذلك في حديث الفتون في سورة (طه) ، وفي هذه السورة، وهو في الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٥٦٩-٥٧٩، وذكره الحافظ ابن كثير في البداية والنهاية: ١ / ٣٠٠-٣٠٧ وقال: هكذا ساق هذا الحديث الإمام النسائي، وأخرجه ابن جرير، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيرهما من حديث يزيد بن هارون. والأشبه -والله أعلم- أنه موقوف، وكونه مرفوعا فيه نظر، وغالبه متلقى من الإسرائيليات، وفيه شيء يسير مصرح برفعه في أثناء الكلام، وفي بعض ما فيه نظر، ونكارة، والأغلب أنه كلام كعب الأحبار. وقد سمعت شيخنا الحافظ أبا الحجاج المزي يقول ذلك. والله أعلم.