Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/181)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

My signs while having no knowledge of them, and without reflecting on their truth; rather, you denied them in ignorance?

“And the decree will fall upon them for the wrong they committed, and they will not speak. Have they not seen that We made the night for them to rest therein, and the day as a time of visibility? Surely in that are signs for a people who believe. And on the Day the Trumpet is blown, all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will be terrified, except those whom Allah wills; and all will come to Him in humble submission.” (85–87)

“And the decree will fall”: that is, the punishment will become binding upon them, “for the wrong they committed”—that is, for their associating partners with Allah—“and they will not speak.” Qatadah said: “How could they speak when they have no proof?” Its parallel is His saying, exalted is He: “This is a Day when they will not speak, nor will they be permitted to offer excuses” (al-Mursalat 36). It has also been said that they will not speak because their mouths will be sealed.

His saying, exalted is He, “Have they not seen that We made”—that is, created (1)—“the night for them to rest therein, and the day as a time of visibility” (2), in which things can be seen—“Surely in that are signs for a people who believe”: who affirm the truth and therefore take heed.

His saying, exalted is He, “And on the Day the Trumpet is blown, all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will be terrified”: the Trumpet is a horn into which Israfil will blow. 60/a Al-Hasan said: “The Trumpet is the horn.” Some interpreted his words as meaning that the souls will be gathered in the horn; then it will be blown, and the souls will return to their bodies, whereupon the bodies will come to life.

His saying, “all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will be terrified,” means: they will be struck down, as He says in another verse: “And all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will be struck down” (al-Zumar 68)—that is, they will die. The meaning is that terror will be cast upon them until they die. It has also been said that Israfil will blow [the Trumpet] (3) three times: the blast of terror, the blast of being struck down, and the blast for standing before the Lord of all worlds (4).

His saying, “except those whom Allah wills”: they differed concerning this exception. It is related from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, asked Gabriel about His saying, “except those whom Allah wills.” He replied: “They are the martyrs, wearing their swords around the Throne” (5).

Sa‘id ibn Jubayr and ‘Ata’ narrated from Ibn Abbas: “They are the martyrs, because they are alive with their Lord; it does not reach

(1) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (2) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (3) The text within the parentheses is omitted from manuscript “A.” (4) Al-Tabari narrated a lengthy hadith on this matter, traced back to the Prophet: 20:19. (5) In al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:249, al-Suyuti attributed it to Abu Yala; al-Daraqutni in al-Afrad; Ibn al-Mundhir; al-Hakim, who graded it authentic; Ibn Mardawayh; and al-Bayhaqi in al-Bath.

بِآيَاتِي غَيْرَ عَالِمَيْنِ بِهَا، وَلَمْ تُفَكِّرُوا فِي صِحَّتِهَا بَلْ كَذَبْتُمْ بِهَا جَاهِلِينَ؟ ﴿وَوَقَعَ الْقَوْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمَا ظَلَمُوا فَهُمْ لَا يَنْطِقُونَ (٨٥) أَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ لِيَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَالنَّهَارَ مُبْصِرًا إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ (٨٦) وَيَوْمَ يُنْفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ فَفَزِعَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَكُلٌّ أَتَوْهُ دَاخِرِينَ (٨٧) ﴾ ﴿وَوَقَعَ الْقَوْلُ﴾ وَجَبَ الْعَذَابُ، ﴿عَلَيْهِمْ بِمَا ظَلَمُوا﴾ بِمَا أَشْرَكُوا، ﴿فَهُمْ لَا يَنْطِقُونَ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: كَيْفَ يَنْطِقُونَ وَلَا حُجَّةَ لَهُمْ، نَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "هَذَا يَوْمُ لَا يَنْطِقُونَ وَلَا يُؤْذَنُ لَهُمْ فَيَعْتَذِرُونَ" (الْمُرْسَلَاتِ-٣٦) ، وَقِيلَ: لَا يَنْطِقُونَ لِأَنَّ أَفْوَاهَهُمْ مَخْتُومَةٌ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿أَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا﴾ خَلَقْنَا (١) ﴿اللَّيْلَ لِيَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَالنَّهَارَ مُبْصِرًا﴾ مضيا (٢) يُبْصَرُ فِيهِ، ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ يُصَدِّقُونَ فَيَعْتَبِرُونَ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَيَوْمَ يُنْفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ فَفَزِعَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ وَالصُّورُ قَرْنٌ ينفخ فيه ٦٠/أإِسْرَافِيلُ، وَقَالَ الحسن: الصور هي الْقَرْنُ، وَأَوَّلَ بَعْضُهُمْ كَلَامَهُ أَنَّ الْأَرْوَاحَ تُجْمَعُ فِي الْقَرْنِ ثُمَّ يُنْفَخُ فِيهِ فَتَذْهَبُ الْأَرْوَاحُ إِلَى الْأَجْسَادِ فَتَحْيَا الْأَجْسَادُ. وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿فَفَزِعَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ أَيْ: فَصَعِقَ، كَمَا قَالَ فِي آيَةٍ أُخْرَى: "فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ" (الزُّمَرِ-٦٨) ، أَيْ: مَاتُوا، وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّهُمْ يُلْقَى عَلَيْهِمُ الْفَزَعُ إِلَى أَنْ يَمُوتُوا. وَقِيلَ: يَنْفُخُ إِسْرَافِيلُ [فِي الصُّورِ] (٣) . ثَلَاثَ نَفَخَاتٍ: نَفْخَةَ الْفَزَعِ، وَنَفْخَةَ الصَّعْقِ، وَنَفْخَةَ الْقِيَامِ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (٤) . قَوْلُهُ: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي هَذَا الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ، رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَأَلَ جِبْرِيلَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ﴾ قَالَ: هُمُ الشُّهَدَاءُ مُتَقَلِّدُونَ أَسْيَافَهُمْ حَوْلَ الْعَرْشِ (٥) . وَرَوَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: هُمُ الشُّهَدَاءُ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ لَا يَصِلُ

(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) ساقط من "أ". (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٤) روى الطبري في ذلك حديثا مطولا مرفوعا: ٢٠ / ١٩. (٥) عزاه السيوطي في الدر (٧ / ٢٤٩) لأبي يعلى، والدارقطني في "الأفراد"، وابن المنذر، والحاكم وصححه، وابن مردويه، والبيهقي في "البعث".