Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/138)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

my father related to me, from my grandfather; Khalid ibn Zayd related to us; Sa'id ibn Abi Hilal related to me, from Umarah ibn Ghaziyyah, from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, from Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Aishah, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Satirize Quraysh, for it is more severe upon them than a volley of arrows.” He therefore sent for Ibn Rawahah and said, “Satirize them.” He satirized them, but it did not satisfy him. He then sent for Ka'b ibn Malik, and afterward sent for Hassan ibn Thabit.

When Hassan entered upon him, he said: “It is time for you to send for this lion that lashes with his tail.” Then he thrust out his tongue and began moving it, saying: “By Him Who sent you with the truth, I shall tear them to shreds with my tongue as a hide is torn.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Do not be hasty. Abu Bakr knows Quraysh best in matters of their genealogies, and I have kinship among them; let him distinguish my lineage for you.”

Hassan went to him and then returned, saying: “O Messenger of Allah, he has distinguished your lineage for me. By Him Who sent you with the truth, I shall draw you out from among them as a hair is drawn from dough.”

Aishah said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say to Hassan: “The Holy Spirit will continue to support you so long as you contend in defense of Allah and His Messenger.” She also said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: “Hassan satirized them, bringing satisfaction and taking vengeance.” Hassan said:

“You satirized Muhammad, and I answered on his behalf—
And with Allah lies the recompense for that.

You satirized Muhammad, a righteous upright man,
The Messenger of Allah, whose trait is faithfulness.

My father, my mother, and my honor
Are a shield for Muhammad’s honor against you.

So whoever among you satirizes the Messenger of Allah,
And whoever praises and supports him, are alike.

Gabriel, Allah’s messenger, is among us,
And the Holy Spirit has no equal.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Abu al-Yaman related to us; Shu'ayb informed us, from al-Zuhri; Abu Bakr ibn Abd al-Rahman informed me that Marwan ibn al-Hakam informed him that Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Aswad ibn Abd Yaghuth informed him that Ubayy ibn Ka'b informed him that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “There is indeed wisdom in some poetry.” (2)

Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “Poetry is speech: some of it is good and some of it is vile. So take what is good and leave what is vile.” (3)

Al-Sha'bi said: Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, composed poetry; Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, composed poetry; and Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was the most gifted poet of the three. (4)

(1) Reported by Muslim in Fada'il al-Sahabah, chapter: “The virtues of Hassan,” no. 2490, 4:1935-1938; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:25. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Adab, chapter: “What is permissible of poetry and rajaz verse,” 10:537; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:369. (3) See Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 13:150. (4) See Ibn Abi Shaybah, al-Musannaf, 8:698.

حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِلَالٍ عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "اهْجُوا قُرَيْشًا فَإِنَّهُ أَشَدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ رَشْقِ النَّبْلِ"، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى ابْنِ رَوَاحَةَ فَقَالَ: "اهْجُهُمْ"، فَهَجَاهُمْ فَلَمْ يُرْضِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى حَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ حَسَّانُ: قَدْ آنَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُرْسِلُوا إِلَى هَذَا الْأَسَدِ الضَّارِبِ بِذَنَبِهِ ثُمَّ أَدْلَعَ لِسَانَهُ، فَجَعَلَ يُحَرِّكُهُ، فَقَالَ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَأَفْرِيَنَّهُمْ بِلِسَانِي فَرْيَ الْأَدِيمِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا تَعْجَلْ، فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَعْلَمُ قُرَيْشٍ بِأَنْسَابِهَا، وَإِنَّ لِي فِيهِمْ نَسَبًا حَتَّى يُخَلِّصَ لَكَ نَسَبِي"، فَأَتَاهُ حَسَّانُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ خَلَّصَ لِي نَسَبَكَ، وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَأُسِلَّنَّكَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تُسَلُّ الشَّعْرَةُ مِنَ الْعَجِينِ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَسَمِعَتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لِحَسَّانَ: "إِنَّ رُوحَ الْقُدُسِ لَا يَزَالُ يُؤَيِّدُكَ، مَا نَافَحْتَ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ"، وَقَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ الله ﷺ يقول: "هاجهم حَسَّانُ فَشَفَى وَاشْتَفَى"، قَالَ حَسَّانُ: هَجَوْتَ مُحَمَّدًا فَأَجَبْتُ عَنْهُ ... وَعَنْدَ اللَّهِ فِي ذَاكَ الْجَزَاءُ هَجَوْتَ مُحَمَّدًا بَرًّا حَنِيفًا ... رَسُولَ اللَّهِ شِيمَتُهُ الْوَفَاءُ فَإِنَّ أَبِي وَوَالِدَتِي وَعِرْضِي ... لِعِرْضِ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْكُمْ وِقَاءُ فَمَنْ يَهْجُو رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مِنْكُمْ ... وَيَمْدَحُهُ وَيَنْصُرُهُ سَوَاءُ وَجِبْرِيلُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فِينَا ... وَرُوحُ الْقُدْسِ لَيْسَ لَهُ كِفَاءُ (١) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ لِحِكْمَةٌ" (٢) قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهَا: الشِّعْرُ كَلَامٌ، فَمِنْهُ حَسَنٌ، وَمِنْهُ قَبِيحٌ، فَخُذِ الْحَسَنَ وَدَعِ الْقَبِيحَ (٣) وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ يَقُولُ الشِّعْرَ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ يَقُولُ الشِّعْرَ، وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ أَشْعَرَ الثَّلَاثَةِ (٤) .

(١) أخرجه مسلم في فضائل الصحابة، باب فضائل حسان برقم (٢٤٩٠) : ٤ / ١٩٣٥-١٩٣٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٢٥. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب ما يجوز من الشعر والرجز: ١٠ / ٥٣٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٣٦٩. (٣) انظر: تفسير القرطبي: ١٣ / ١٥٠. (٤) انظر المصنف لابن أبي شيبة: ٨ / ٦٩٨.