Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/208)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

lost consciousness. When he recovered, he went to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. When the Messenger of Allah saw him, he said, “Abu Qays, what is the matter with you, that you have come this evening so worn out?” (1) He then told him what had happened to him, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was grieved by this. Thereupon Allah, exalted is He, revealed: “Eat and drink” (2)—that is, on the nights of fasting—“until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread”; that is, the whiteness of day from the darkness of night. They are called two threads because, at first, each of them appears elongated like a thread.

‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abdullah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; Sa‘id ibn Abi Maryam informed us; Abu Ghassan Muhammad ibn Mutarrif informed us; Abu Hazim informed us, from Sahl ibn Sa‘d, who said: The verse was revealed: “Eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread,” but the words “of dawn” had not yet been revealed. Thus, when men wished to fast, one of them would tie a white thread and a black thread to his leg, and would continue eating until he could distinguish them by sight. Then Allah Most High revealed afterward, “of dawn,” and they understood that the two referred only to night and day.

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abdullah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; al-Hajjaj ibn Minhal informed us; Hushaym informed us; Husayn ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman informed us, from al-Sha‘bi, from ‘Adi ibn Hatim, who said: When the words were revealed, “until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread,” I took a black cord and a white cord and placed them beneath my pillow. I began looking at them in the night, but I could not distinguish them. So I went in the morning to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and mentioned this to him. He said, “It refers only to the darkness of night and the whiteness of day.” (3)

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus‘ab informed us, from Malik, from Ibn Shihab, from Salim ibn ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Bilal gives the call at night, so eat and drink until Ibn Umm Maktum gives the call.” He said: “Ibn Umm Maktum was a blind man who would not give the call until he was told, ‘Morning has come! Morning has come!’” (4)

Know that there are two dawns: the false dawn and the true dawn. The false dawn rises first, extending upward like a wolf’s tail toward the sky. With its appearance, the night does not depart, nor do food and drink become forbidden to the fasting person. Then it disappears, and after it the true dawn rises, spreading rapidly across the horizon. With its appearance, the day begins, and food and drink become forbidden to the fasting person.

(1) Al-talih: one who has collapsed from fatigue, exertion, and emaciation. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Fasting, chapter: the saying of Allah, the Exalted: “Permitted to you on the night of fasting are relations with your wives,” 4:129. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Fasting, chapter: the saying of Allah, the Exalted: “Eat and drink until ...,” 4:132. (4) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of the Call to Prayer, chapter: the call to prayer of a blind man when he has someone to inform him, 2:99; and by Muslim in the Book of Fasting, chapter: clarification that the fast begins with the rise of dawn, no. 1092, 2:768. Also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 2:298.

غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: يَا أبا قيس مالك أَمْسَيْتَ طَلِيحًا (١) فذكر له ماله فَاغْتَمَّ لِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا﴾ (٢) يَعْنِي فِي لَيَالِي الصَّوْمِ ﴿حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ﴾ يَعْنِي بَيَاضَ النَّهَارِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ، سُمِّيَا خَيْطَيْنِ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يَبْدُو فِي الِابْتِدَاءِ مُمْتَدًّا كَالْخَيْطِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُطَرِّفٍ ثَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: أُنْزِلَتْ ﴿وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ﴾ وَلَمْ يَنْزِلْ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿مِنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾ فَكَانَ رِجَالٌ إِذَا أَرَادُوا الصَّوْمَ رَبَطَ أَحَدُهُمْ فِي رِجْلِهِ الْخَيْطَ الْأَبْيَضَ وَالْخَيْطَ الْأَسْوَدَ وَلَا يَزَالُ يَأْكُلُ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ رُؤْيَتُهُمَا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بَعْدَهُ ﴿مِنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾ فَعَلِمُوا إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِهِمَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ أَخْبَرَنَا حُصَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ ﴿حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ﴾ عَمَدْتُ إِلَى عِقَالٍ أَسْوَدَ وَإِلَى عِقَالٍ أَبْيَضَ فَجَعَلْتُهُمَا تَحْتَ وِسَادَتِي فَجَعَلَتُ أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمَا وَإِلَى اللَّيْلِ فَلَا يَسْتَبِينُ لِي فَغَدَوْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ "إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ سَوَادُ اللَّيْلِ وَبَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنْ بِلَالًا يُنَادِي بِلَيْلٍ فَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يُنَادِيَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ" قَالَ "كَانَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ رَجُلًا أَعْمَى لَا يُنَادِي حَتَّى يُقَالَ لَهُ أَصْبَحْتَ أَصْبَحْتَ" (٤) وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْفَجْرَ فَجْرَانِ كَاذِبٌ وَصَادِقٌ، فَالْكَاذِبُ يَطْلُعُ أَوَّلًا مُسْتَطِيلًا كَذَنَبِ السِّرْحَانِ يَصْعَدُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَبِطُلُوعِهِ لَا يَخْرُجُ اللَّيْلُ وَلَا يَحْرُمُ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ، ثُمَّ يَغِيبُ فَيَطْلُعُ بَعْدَهُ الْفَجْرُ الصَّادِقُ مُسْتَطِيرًا يَنْتَشِرُ سَرِيعًا فِي الْأُفُقِ، فَبِطُلُوعِهِ يَدْخُلُ النَّهَارُ وَيَحْرُمُ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ.

(١) الطليح: الساقط من الإعياء والجهد والهزال. (٢) رواه البخاري: في الصوم باب قول الله جل ذكره: (أحل لكم ليلة الصيام الرفث إلى نساءكم) ٤ / ١٢٩. (٣) رواه البخاري: في الصوم - باب: قول الله تعالى: وكلوا واشربوا حتى ... ٤ / ١٣٢. (٤) رواه البخاري: في الأذان - باب: أذان الأعمى إذا كان له من يخيره ٢ / ٩٩. ومسلم: في الصيام - باب: بيان أن الدخول في الصوم يحصل بطلوع الفجر برقم (١٠٩٢) ٢ / ٧٦٨ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٢ / ٢٩٨.