Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/136)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said concerning this verse: “They engage in every kind of idle discourse.” (1) Mujahid said: “They entice people through every art.” Qatadah said: “They praise falsely, listen, and satirize falsely.” (2) Thus, a valley is a metaphor for the various modes of speech, as one says: “I am in one valley, and you are in another.” It was also said that “they wander aimlessly through every valley” means that they compose rhymes upon every letter of the alphabet.

“And that they say what they do not do (226), except those who believe, do righteous deeds, remember Allah often, and defend themselves after having been wronged. And those who have wronged will come to know to what return they will be returned (227).”

“And that they say what they do not do”—that is, they lie in their poetry, saying, “We did this and that,” while they are liars.

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Abu Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Shurayh informed us; Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi informed us; Ali ibn al-Ja'd related to us; Shu'bah informed us, from al-A'mash, from Dhakwan, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said: “It is better for one of you to have his belly filled with pus than to have it filled with poetry.” (3)

He then exempted the Muslim poets who used to answer the poets of the Age of Ignorance, satirize the poets of the disbelievers, and defend the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his Companions. Among them were Hassan ibn Thabit, Abdullah ibn Rawahah, and Ka'b ibn Malik. Thus He said: “Except those who believe and do righteous deeds.”

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Husayn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Bishran informed us; Isma'il ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi related to us; Abd al-Razzaq related to us; Ma'mar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Ka'b ibn Malik, from his father, who said to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: “Allah has revealed concerning poetry what He has revealed.” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Indeed, the believer strives with his sword and his tongue. By Him in whose hand is my soul, it is as though you are pelting them with a shower of arrows.” (4)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Adab, chapter: “What poetry is permissible,” 10:537, in a suspended form; al-Tabari cited it with a connected chain, 19:128. (2) Al-Tabari, 19:128. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Adab, chapter: “When poetry becomes predominant over a person to the point that it distracts him from the remembrance of Allah, knowledge, and the Quran,” 10:548; by Muslim in Kitab al-Shi'r, no. 2257, 4:1769; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:380. (4) Reported by Abd al-Razzaq in Kitab al-Jami', 11:263. It was authenticated by Ibn Hibban, p. 494 of Mawarid al-Zam'an; al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan, 10:239; Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 3:456, 460; 6:387; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:378. Ibn Hajar, in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 123, and al-Manawi, in al-Fath al-Samawi, 2:889, attributed it to Ibn Sa'd in al-Tabaqat. Ibn Hajar also attributed it in al-Matalib al-Aliyah, 3:354-355, to Abu Ya'la. See also al-Albani, Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah, no. 1631.

قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: فِي كُلِّ لَغْوٍ يَخُوضُونَ (١) وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: فِي كُلِّ فَنٍّ يَفْتِنُونَ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: يَمْدَحُونَ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَيَسْتَمِعُونَ وَيَهْجُونَ بِالْبَاطِلِ (٢) فَالْوَادِي مَثَلٌ لِفُنُونِ الْكَلَامِ، كَمَا يُقَالُ: أَنَا فِي وَادٍ وَأَنْتَ فِي وَادٍ. وَقِيلَ: "فِي كُلِّ وَادٍ يَهِيمُونَ" أَيْ: عَلَى كُلِّ حَرْفٍ مِنْ حُرُوفِ الْهِجَاءِ يَصُوغُونَ الْقَوَافِيَ. ﴿وَأَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ مَا لَا يَفْعَلُونَ (٢٢٦) إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَذَكَرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا وَانْتَصَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا ظُلِمُوا وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنْقَلَبٍ يَنْقَلِبُونَ (٢٢٧) ﴾ ﴿وَأَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ مَا لَا يَفْعَلُونَ﴾ أَيْ: يَكْذِبُونَ فِي شِعْرِهِمْ، يَقُولُونَ: فَعَلْنَا وَفَعَلْنَا، وَهُمْ كَذَبَةٌ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَأَنْ يَمْتَلِئَ جَوْفُ أَحَدِكُمْ قَيْحًا، خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَمْتَلِئَ شِعْرًا" (٣) ثُمَّ اسْتَثْنَى شُعَرَاءَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُجِيبُونَ شُعَرَاءَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَيَهْجُونَ شُعَرَاءَ الْكُفَّارِ، وَيُنَافِحُونَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، مِنْهُمْ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ، وَكَعْبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالَ: ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ فِي الشِّعْرِ مَا أَنْزَلَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ يُجَاهِدُ بِسَيْفِهِ وَلِسَانِهِ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَكَأَنَّمَا تَرْمُونَهُمْ بِهِ نَضْحُ النَّبْلِ" (٤) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب ما يجوز من الشعر: ١٠ / ٥٣٧ تعليقا ووصله الطبري: ١٩ / ١٢٨. (٢) الطبري: ١٩ / ١٢٨. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب ما يكره أن يكون الغالب على الإنسان الشعر حتى يصده عن ذكر الله والعلم والقرآن: ١٠ / ٥٤٨، ومسلم في كتاب الشعر برقم (٢٢٥٧) : ٤ / ١٧٦٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٣٨٠. (٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في كتاب الجامع: ١١ / ٢٦٣، وصححه ابن حبان ص (٤٩٤) من موارد الظمآن، والبيهقي في السنن: ١٠ / ٢٣٩، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٣ / ٤٥٦، ٤٦٠، ٦ / ٣٨٧. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٣٧٨، وعزاه ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (١٢٣) والمناوي في الفتح السماوي: ٢ / ٨٨٩ لابن سعد في الطبقات، وعزاه في المطالب العالية: ٣ / ٣٥٤، ٣٥٥ لأبي يعلى. وانظر: سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة للألباني رقم (١٦٣١) .