Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/134)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“But if they disobey you, say, ‘I am absolved of what you do.’ And put your trust in the Almighty, the Most Merciful, who sees you when you rise, and sees your movements among those who prostrate. Truly, He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.” (216–220)

“But if they disobey you, say, ‘I am absolved of what you do’”—that is, of disbelief and worshipping other than Allah.

“And put your trust.” The people of Madinah and Syria recited it with the particle fa: “Then put your trust”; this is likewise how it appears in their codices. The rest recited it with wa: “And put your trust.” “In the Almighty, the Most Merciful,” so that He may suffice you against the schemes of your enemies.

“Who sees you when you rise”—that is, when you rise for prayer, according to most commentators. 53/a Mujahid said: He sees you wherever you may be. It was also said: when you rise to call them.

“And sees your movements among those who prostrate”—that is, He sees your movements in prayer: when you are standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting. Ikrimah and Atiyyah narrated from Ibn Abbas: “Among those who prostrate” means among those who pray. Muqatil and al-Kalbi said: It means with those praying in congregation. That is, He sees you when you stand alone for prayer, and He sees you when you pray with the worshippers in congregation. Mujahid said: He sees the movement of your gaze among those praying, for he would see behind him just as he saw in front of him.

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Musab informed us, from Malik, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-Araj, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Do you see the direction I am facing here? By Allah, neither your humility in prayer nor your bowing is hidden from me; I can indeed see you from behind my back.” (1)

Al-Hasan said: “And sees your movements among those who prostrate” means your comings and goings among your believing Companions. Said ibn Jubayr said: It means your passage through your various states, just as was the case with the prophets before you; and those who prostrate are the prophets. Ata narrated from Ibn Abbas: It refers to your passage through the loins of the prophets, from one prophet to another, until He brought you forth among this community.

“Truly, He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.”

(1) Narrated by Malik in al-Muwatta, Book of Shortening the Prayer while Traveling, chapter on the established practice concerning prayer, 1:167; by al-Bukhari in the Book of Prayer, chapter on the imam's exhortation to complete the prayer properly, 1:514; by Muslim in the Book of Prayer, chapter on the command to perform the prayer well, no. 424, 1:319; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:289. (2) These views are mentioned by al-Tabari, 19:123-125; al-Suyuti, 6:331-332; and Ibn al-Jawzi, 6:148-149. Al-Tabari considered the strongest interpretation of the verse to be: He sees your movements among those who prostrate during their prayer with you, when you stand, bow, and prostrate with them, since this is the apparent meaning of the verse.

﴿فَإِنْ عَصَوْكَ فَقُلْ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (٢١٦) وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى الْعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ (٢١٧) الَّذِي يَرَاكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ (٢١٨) وَتَقَلُّبَكَ فِي السَّاجِدِينَ (٢١٩) إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (٢٢٠) ﴾ ﴿فَإِنْ عَصَوْكَ فَقُلْ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ﴾ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ وَعِبَادَةِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ. ﴿وَتَوَكَّلْ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَالشَّامِ: "فَتَوَكَّلْ" بِالْفَاءِ، وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي مَصَاحِفِهِمْ وَقَرَأَ الْبَاقُونَ بِالْوَاوِ "وَتَوَكَّلْ"، ﴿عَلَى الْعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ لِيَكْفِيَكَ كَيْدَ الْأَعْدَاءِ. ﴿الَّذِي يَرَاكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ﴾ إلى صلاتك، ٥٣/أعَنْ أَكْثَرِ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: الَّذِي يَرَاكَ أَيْنَمَا كُنْتَ. وَقِيلَ: حِينَ تَقُومُ لِدُعَائِهِمْ. ﴿وَتَقَلُّبَكَ فِي السَّاجِدِينَ﴾ أَيْ: يَرَى تَقَلُّبَكَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ فِي حَالِ قِيَامِكَ وَرُكُوعِكَ وَسُجُودِكَ وَقُعُودِكَ. قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَعَطِيَّةُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: فِي السَّاجِدِينَ أَيْ: فِي الْمُصَلِّينَ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ: أَيْ مَعَ الْمُصَلِّينَ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ، يَقُولُ: يَرَاكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ وَحْدَكَ لِلصَّلَاةِ وَيَرَاكَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ مَعَ الْمُصَلِّينَ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: يَرَى تَقَلُّبَ بَصَرِكَ فِي الْمُصَلِّينَ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يُبْصِرُ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ كَمَا يُبْصِرُ مِنْ أَمَامِهِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "هَلْ تَرَوْنَ قِبْلَتِي هَاهُنَا، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا يَخْفَى عَلَيَّ خُشُوعُكُمْ وَلَا رُكُوعُكُمْ، إِنِّي لَأَرَاكُمْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ ظَهْرِي" (١) وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: "وَتَقَلُّبَكَ فِي السَّاجِدِينَ" أَيْ: تَصَرُّفَكَ وَذَهَابَكَ وَمَجِيئَكَ فِي أَصْحَابِكَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: يَعْنِي وَتَصَرُّفَكَ فِي أَحْوَالِكَ، كَمَا كَانَتِ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ. وَالسَّاجِدُونَ: هُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَرَادَ تَقَلُّبَكَ فِي أَصْلَابِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ إِلَى نَبِيٍّ حَتَّى أَخْرَجَكَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ (٢) . ﴿إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ﴾ .

(١) أخرجه مالك في الموطأ، كتاب قصر الصلاة في السفر، باب العمل في الصلاة: ١ / ١٦٧، والبخاري في الصلاة، باب عظة الإمام في إتمام الصلاة: ١ / ٥١٤، ومسلم في الصلاة، باب الأمر بتحسين الصلاة، برقم (٤٢٤) : ١ / ٣١٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٢٨٩. (٢) ذكر هذه الأقوال: الطبري: ١٩ / ١٢٣-١٢٥، السيوطي: ٦ / ٣٣١-٣٣٢، ابن الجوزي: ٦ / ١٤٨-١٤٩. ورجح الطبري أن أولى الأقول في تفسير الآية أنه: يرى تقلبك مع الساجدين في صلاتهم معك، حين تقوم معهم وتركع وتسجد، لأن ذلك هو الظاهر من معناه.