Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/133)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And lower your wing to the believers who follow you.” (215)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail narrated to us; Abu al-Yaman narrated to us; Shuayb informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Said ibn al-Musayyib and Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman informed me that Abu Hurayrah said:

When Allah, exalted is He, revealed, “Warn your nearest relatives,” the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stood and said, “O assembly of Quraysh—or words to that effect—save yourselves, for I cannot avail you at all against Allah. O Banu Abd Manaf, I cannot avail you at all against Allah. O Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, I cannot avail you at all against Allah. O Safiyyah, the Messenger of Allah’s paternal aunt, I cannot avail you at all against Allah. And O Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad, ask of my wealth whatever you wish, but I cannot avail you at all against Allah.” (1)

Abu Said Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Tahiri informed us; my grandfather, Abu Sahl ibn Abd al-Samad ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz, informed me; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Adhafiri informed us; Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Dabari informed us; Abd al-Razzaq narrated to us; Mamar informed us, from Qatadah, from Mutarrif ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Shikhkhir, from Iyad ibn Himar al-Mujashii, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Allah, exalted is He, has commanded me to teach you what you did not know of what He has taught me this day. He said: ‘Every possession that I have bestowed upon My servants is lawful for them. I created all My servants uprightly inclined to pure monotheism, but the devils came to them and turned them away from their religion. They forbade them what I had made lawful for them and commanded them to associate with Me that for which I had sent down no authority.

“‘Allah looked upon the people of the earth and loathed them, Arabs and non-Arabs alike, except for remnants of the People of the Book. Allah, exalted is He, commanded me to warn Quraysh, so I said: “My Lord, they will smash my head and leave it like a loaf of bread.” He said: “I have sent you only to test you and to test others through you. I have sent down to you a Book which water cannot wash away; you recite it in sleep and in wakefulness. Fight them, and We shall aid you against them; spend, and We shall provide for you; send forth an army, and We shall reinforce you with five times its number; and fight, along with those who obey you, those who disobey you.”

“‘The people of Paradise are three: a just ruler; a compassionate man, tender-hearted toward every relative and Muslim; and a wealthy man who gives in charity. The people of the Fire are five: the weak person who has no religion—those among you who are merely followers, seeking neither family nor wealth by it; a man who, whenever morning comes, begins deceiving you concerning your family and wealth; a man whom no desire, however trifling, fails to carry away; and the vile, obscene person.’” He said: And he mentioned miserliness and lying. (2)

His, exalted is He, saying: “And lower your wing to the believers who follow you.”

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the exegesis of Surat Tabbat, 8:501-502; also in the Books of Wills and Prophets; by Muslim in the Book of Faith, 1:192-193; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:329. (2) Narrated by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, within his transmission of Imam Ma'mar ibn Rashid's al-Jami, 11:120-121; by Muslim in the Book of Paradise and the Description of Its Bliss, in the chapter on the characteristics by which the people of Paradise and the people of Hell are recognized in this world, no. 2865, 4:2197-2198; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:407-408.

﴿وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (٢١٥) ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عبد الرحمن، أنا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ فَقَالَ: "يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، أَوْ كَلِمَةً نَحْوَهَا، اشْتَرُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ لَا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا، يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ لَا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا، يَا عَبَّاسُ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ لَا أُغْنِي عَنْكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا، يَا صَفِيَّةُ عَمَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لَا أُغْنِي عَنْكِ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا، وَيَا فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ سَلِينِي مَا شِئْتِ مِنْ مَالِي لَا أُغْنِي عَنْكِ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّاهِرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي جَدِّي أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَزَّازُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْعَذَافِرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ الْمُجَاشِعِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُعَلِّمَكُمْ مَا جَهِلْتُمْ مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي يَوْمِي هَذَا، وَإِنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ كُلَّ مَالٍ نَحَلْتُهُ عِبَادِي فَهُوَ لَهُمْ حَلَالٌ، وَإِنِّي خَلَقْتُ عِبَادِي حُنَفَاءَ كُلَّهُمْ، فَأَتَتْهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ فَاجْتَالَتْهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ، وَحَرَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَهُمْ، وَأَمَرَتْهُمْ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوا بِي مَا لَمْ أُنَزِّلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ نَظَرَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ فَمَقَتَهُمْ عَرَبَهُمْ وَعَجَمَهُمْ إِلَّا بَقَايَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُخَوِّفَ قُرَيْشًا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَبِّ إِنَّهُمْ إِذًا يَثْلَغُوا رَأْسِيَ حَتَّى يَدَعُوهُ خُبْزَةً، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُكَ لِأَبْتَلِيَكَ وَأَبْتَلِيَ بِكَ، وَقَدْ أَنْزَلْتُ عَلَيْكَ كِتَابًا لَا يَغْسِلُهُ الْمَاءُ، تَقْرَؤُهُ فِي الْمَنَامِ وَالْيَقَظَةِ، فَاغْزُهُمْ نُغْزِكَ، وَأَنْفِقْ نُنْفِقْ عَلَيْكَ، وَابْعَثْ جَيْشًا نُمْدِدْكَ بِخَمْسَةِ أَمْثَالِهِمْ، وَقَاتِلْ بِمَنْ أَطَاعَكَ مَنْ عَصَاكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ ثَلَاثَةٌ: إِمَامٌ مُقْسِطٌ، وَرَجُلٌ رَحِيمٌ رَقِيقُ الْقَلْبِ بِكُلِّ ذِي قُرْبَى وَمُسْلِمٍ، وَرَجُلٌ غَنِيٌّ مُتَصَدِّقٌ، وَأَهْلُ النَّارِ خَمْسَةٌ: الضَّعِيفُ الَّذِي لَا دِينَ لَهُ، الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِيكُمْ تبعٌ لا يتبعون بِذَلِكَ أَهْلًا وَلَا مَالًا وَرَجُلٌ إِنْ أَصْبَحَ أَصْبَحَ يُخَادِعُكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكِ وَمَالِكَ، وَرَجُلٌ لَا يَخْفَى لَهُ طَمَعٌ -وَإِنْ دَقَّ-إِلَّا ذَهَبَ بِهِ، وَالشِّنْظِيرُ الْفَاحِشُ. قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ الْبُخْلَ وَالْكَذِبَ" (٢) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير سورة "تبت": ٨ / ٥٠١-٥٠٢، وفي الوصايا وفي الأنبياء، ومسلم في الإيمان: ١ / ١٩٢-١٩٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٣٢٩. (٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في المصنف ضمن روايته لكتاب "الجامع" للإمام معمر بن راشد: ١١ / ١٢٠-١٢١، ومسلم في الجنة وصفة نعيمها، باب الصفات التي يعرف بها في الدنيا أهل الجنة وأهل النار، برقم (٢٨٦٥) : ٤ / ٢١٩٧-٢١٩٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٤٠٧-٤٠٨.