Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/131)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

others, saying: “You are the noblest of creation to Me; yet if you were to take a god besides Me, I would punish you.”

“Warn your nearest relatives.” (214)

Concerning His words, “Warn your nearest relatives,” Muhammad ibn Ishaq narrated from Abd al-Ghaffar ibn al-Qasim, from al-Minhal ibn Amr, from Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Nawfal ibn al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib, from Abdullah ibn Abbas, from Ali ibn Abi Talib, who said:

When this verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace—“Warn your nearest relatives”—the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, summoned me and said: “Ali, Allah has commanded me to warn my nearest relatives. I found this distressing, for I knew that, whenever I openly presented this matter to them, I would see from them what I disliked. So I remained silent about it, until Gabriel came to me and said: ‘Muhammad, if you do not do what you have been commanded, your Lord will punish you.’ Therefore, prepare for us a measure of food, place a leg of lamb upon it, fill for us a large bowl with milk, and then gather for me the sons of Abd al-Muttalib, so that I may convey to them what I have been commanded.”

Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: I did as the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, instructed me. Then I invited them for him. They numbered forty men that day, give or take one, and among them were his paternal uncles: Abu Talib, Hamzah, al-Abbas, and Abu Lahab. ⦗52/b⦘ When they had gathered, he called me for the food I had prepared, and I brought it. When I set it down, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took a piece of meat, tore it with his teeth, and then placed it around the sides of the platter. He then said, “Take in the name of Allah.” The people ate until they needed nothing more. By Allah, any one of them could have eaten as much as I had served to them all.

He then said, “Give the people something to drink.” So I brought them that bowl, and they all drank until they were fully satisfied. By Allah, any one of them could have drunk its like. When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wished to speak to them, Abu Lahab interrupted him and said, “Your companion has bewitched you!” The people then dispersed, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not speak to them.

The following day, he said: “Ali, this man got ahead of me with what you heard him say to the people, and they dispersed before I could speak to them. Prepare for us food like that which you prepared before, then gather them.” I did so and gathered them. He called me for the food, and I brought it near. He did as he had done the previous day, and they ate and drank. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, spoke and said:

“Banu Abd al-Muttalib, I have brought you the best of this world and the Hereafter. Allah Most High has commanded me to call you to Him. Which of you will support me in this matter of mine and be my brother, my trustee, and my successor among you?”

All of the people held back. I said—though I was the youngest of them—“O Prophet of Allah, I will be your minister in this matter.”

He then took hold of my neck and said: “This is my brother, my trustee, and my successor among you. So listen to him and obey him.” The people rose up laughing and said to Abu Talib, “He has commanded you to listen to Ali and obey him.” (1)

(1) Ibn Ishaq narrated it in al-Maghazi, and al-Bayhaqi narrated it through him in al-Dala'il, on the authority of Ibn Abbas. Al-Bazzar and Abu Nu'aym also narrated it in al-Dala'il through the chain of Abbad ibn Abd Allah al-Asadi, from Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him. See al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 123. Also consult Ibn Kathir's Tafsir, 3:315-352, where he stated: “This particular version was transmitted solely by Abd al-Ghaffar ibn al-Qasim Abu Maryam, who was an abandoned narrator, a lying Shi'i. Ali ibn al-Madini and others accused him of fabricating hadith, and the hadith authorities declared him weak.”

بِهِ غَيْرَهُ، يَقُولُ: أَنْتَ أَكْرَمُ الْخَلْقِ عَلَيَّ وَلَوِ اتَّخَذْتَ إِلَهًا غَيْرِي لَعَذَّبْتُكَ. ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ (٢١٤) ﴾ ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْغَفَّارِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ. قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ دَعَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "يَا عَلِيُّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أُنْذِرَ عَشِيرَتِي الْأَقْرَبِينَ فَضِقْتُ بِذَلِكَ ذَرْعًا وَعَرَفْتُ أَنِّي مَتَى أُبَادِيهِمْ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ أَرَى مِنْهُمْ مَا أَكْرَهُ، فَصَمَتُّ عَلَيْهَا جَاءَنِي جِبْرِيلُ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِلَّا تَفْعَلْ مَا تُؤْمَرُ يُعَذِّبْكَ رَبُّكَ، فَاصْنَعْ لَنَا صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَاجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِ رِجْلَ شَاةٍ، وَامْلَأْ لَنَا عُسًّا مِنْ لَبَنٍ، ثُمَّ اجْمَعْ لِي بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ حَتَّى أُبَلِّغَهُمْ مَا أُمِرْتُ بِهِ". قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁: فَفَعَلْتُ مَا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ دَعَوْتُهُمْ لَهُ، وَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا يَزِيدُونَ رَجُلًا أَوْ يَنْقُصُونَهُ، فيهم أعمامه ٥٢/ب أَبُو طَالِبٍ، وَحَمْزَةُ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ، وَأَبُو لَهَبٍ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ دَعَانِي بِالطَّعَامِ الَّذِي صَنَعْتُهُ فَجِئْتُ بِهِ، فَلَمَّا وَضَعْتُهُ تَنَاوَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَذْبَةً مِنَ اللَّحْمِ، فَشَقَّهَا بِأَسْنَانِهِ ثُمَّ أَلْقَاهَا فِي نَوَاحِي الصَّحْفَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: "خُذُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ" فَأَكَلَ الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى مَا لَهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ حَاجَةٌ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ الْوَاحِدُ مِنْهُمْ لَيَأْكُلُ مِثْلَ مَا قَدَّمْتُ لِجَمِيعِهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: "اسْقِ الْقَوْمَ" فَجِئْتُهُمْ بِذَلِكَ الْعُسِّ، فَشَرِبُوا حَتَّى رَوَوْا جَمِيعًا، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ الْوَاحِدُ مِنْهُمْ لَيَشْرَبُ مِثْلَهُ. فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُمْ بَدَرَهُ أَبُو لَهَبٍ فَقَالَ: سَحَرَكُمْ صَاحِبُكُمْ، فَتَفَرَّقَ الْقَوْمُ وَلَمْ يُكَلِّمْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ الْغَدُ: "يَا عَلِيُّ إِنَّ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ قَدْ سَبَقَنِي إِلَى مَا سَمِعْتَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَتَفَرَّقَ الْقَوْمُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أُكَلِّمَهُمْ، فَعُدَّ لَنَا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ بِمِثْلِ مَا صَنَعْتَ ثُمَّ اجْمَعْهُمْ"، فَفَعَلْتُ ثُمَّ جَمَعْتُهُمْ فَدَعَانِي بِالطَّعَامِ فَقَرَّبْتُهُ، فَفَعَلَ كَمَا فَعَلَ بِالْأَمْسِ، فَأَكَلُوا وَشَرِبُوا ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ إِنِّي قَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِخَيْرَيِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ. وَقَدْ أَمَرَنِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ أَدْعُوَكُمْ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَيُّكُمْ يُوازِرُنِي عَلَى أَمْرِي هَذَا؟ وَيَكُونُ أَخِي وَوَصِيِّيْ وَخَلِيفَتِي فِيكُمْ، فَأَحْجَمَ الْقَوْمُ عَنْهَا جَمِيعًا، فَقُلْتُ -وَأَنَا أَحْدَثُهُمْ سِنًّا-أَنَا يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ أَكُونُ وَزِيرَكَ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ بِرَقَبَتِي ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا أَخِي وَوَصِيِّيْ وَخَلِيفَتِي فِيكُمْ، فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا"، فَقَامَ الْقَوْمُ يَضْحَكُونَ، وَيَقُولُونَ لِأَبِي طَالِبٍ: قَدْ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ تَسْمَعَ لِعَلِيٍّ وَتُطِيعَ (١) .

(١) أخرجه ابن إسحاق في المغازي، والبيهقي في "الدلائل" من طريقه من رواية ابن عباس. وأخرجه البزار وأبو نعيم في الدلائل من طريق عباد بن عبد الله الأسدي عن علي بن أبي طالب ﵁. انظر: الكافي الشاف ص (١٢٣) ، وراجع تفسير ابن كثير: ٣ / ٣١٥-٣٥٢ فقد قال: تفرد بهذا السياق عبد الغفار بن القاسم أبي مريم، وهو متروك كذاب شيعي، اتهمه علي بن المديني وغيره بوضع الحديث، وضعفه الأئمة ﵏.