Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/128)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Use a just balance, and do not deprive people of what is rightfully theirs, nor spread corruption in the land. And fear Him who created you and the earlier generations.” Al-jibillah means the created beings; “the earlier ones” means the preceding nations. Al-jibillah means creation; one says jubila, that is, “he was created.”

“They said, ‘You are only one of those who have been bewitched. (185) You are but a human being like ourselves, and we certainly think that you are among the liars. (186) So cause fragments of the sky to fall upon us, if you are truthful.’ (187) He said, ‘My Lord knows best what you do.’ (188) But they denied him, so the punishment of the Day of the Canopy seized them. Indeed, it was the punishment of a tremendous day. (189) Surely in that is a sign, yet most of them were not believers. (190) And indeed, your Lord is truly the Almighty, the Most Merciful. (191) And indeed, it is a revelation from the Lord of the worlds, (192) brought down by the Trustworthy Spirit (193) upon your heart, O Muhammad, so that you may be among the warners, (194) in clear Arabic speech. (195)”

“They said, ‘You are only one of those who have been bewitched. You are but a human being like ourselves, and we certainly think that you are among the liars. So cause fragments of the sky to fall upon us, if you are truthful.’ He said, ‘My Lord knows best what you do’”—that is, your shortchanging in measure and weight. He will recompense you for your deeds. The punishment is not for me to bring about; my only duty is to call people to Allah.

“But they denied him, so the punishment of the Day of the Canopy seized them.” This was because an intense heat overcame them. They would enter underground passages, but when they entered them, they found them even hotter and so came out. Then a cloud shaded them—the canopy—and they gathered beneath it. It rained fire upon them, and they were burned. We mentioned this in Surah Hud.

“Indeed, it was the punishment of a tremendous day.” “Surely in that is a sign, yet most of them were not believers. And indeed, your Lord is truly the Almighty, the Most Merciful.”

His saying, exalted is He: “And indeed, it”—meaning the Quran—“is a revelation from the Lord of the worlds. Brought down by the Trustworthy Spirit.” The reciters of the Hijaz, Abu Amr, and Hafs read nazala with a single z, and al-ruh al-amin in the nominative case, meaning: Gabriel brought down the Quran. The others read nazzala with a doubled z, and al-ruh al-amin in the accusative case, meaning: Allah sent Gabriel down with it, as indicated by His saying, exalted is He: “And indeed, it is a revelation from the Lord of the worlds.”

“Upon your heart,” O Muhammad, so that you may retain it; “so that you may be among the warners,” that is, those who warn people. “In clear Arabic speech.” [Ibn Abbas said: “In the language of Quraysh, so that they may understand what it contains.”] (1)

(1) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript A.

﴿وَزِنُوا بِالْقِسْطَاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا النَّاسَ أَشْيَاءَهُمْ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ وَاتَّقُوا الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَالْجِبِلَّةَ﴾ الْخَلِيقَةَ، ﴿الْأَوَّلِينَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْأُمَمَ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ، وَالْجِبِلَّةُ: الْخَلْقُ، يُقَالُ: جُبِلَ أَيْ: خُلِقَ. ﴿قَالُوا إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ الْمُسَحَّرِينَ (١٨٥) وَمَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا وَإِنْ نَظُنُّكَ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ (١٨٦) فَأَسْقِطْ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ (١٨٧) قَالَ رَبِّي أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ (١٨٨) فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ (١٨٩) إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (١٩٠) وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ (١٩١) وَإِنَّهُ لَتَنْزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (١٩٢) نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ (١٩٣) عَلَى قَلْبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ (١٩٤) بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِيٍّ مُبِينٍ (١٩٥) ﴾ ﴿قَالُوا إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ الْمُسَحَّرِينَ وَمَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا وَإِنْ نَظُنُّكَ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ فَأَسْقِطْ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ قَالَ رَبِّي أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ نُقْصَانِ الْكَيْلِ وَالْوَزْنِ، وَهُوَ مُجَازِيكُمْ بِأَعْمَالِكُمْ، وَلَيْسَ الْعَذَابُ إِلَيَّ وَمَا عَلَيَّ إِلَّا الدَّعْوَةُ. ﴿فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَهُمْ حَرٌّ شَدِيدٌ، فَكَانُوا يَدْخُلُونَ الْأَسْرَابَ فَإِذَا دَخَلُوهَا وَجَدُوهَا أَشَدَّ حَرًّا فَخَرَجُوا، فَأَظَلَّتْهُمْ سَحَابَةٌ، وَهِيَ الظُّلَّةُ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا تَحْتَهَا، فَأَمْطَرَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ نَارًا فَاحْتَرَقُوا، ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي سُورَةِ هُودٍ. ﴿إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ﴾ ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ ﴿وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنَّهُ﴾ يَعْنِي الْقُرْآنَ. ﴿لَتَنْزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ ﴿نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ، وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو، وَحَفْصٌ: "نَزَلَ" خَفِيفٌ، "الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ" بِرَفْعِ الْحَاءِ وَالنُّونِ، أَيْ" نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ بِالْقُرْآنِ. وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِتَشْدِيدِ الزَّايِ وَفَتْحِ الْحَاءِ وَالنُّونِ أَيْ: نَزَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ جِبْرِيلَ، لِقَوْلِهِ ﷿: "وَإِنَّهُ لَتَنْزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ". ﴿عَلَى قَلْبِكَ﴾ يَا مُحَمَّدُ حَتَّى وَعَيْتَهُ، ﴿لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ﴾ الْمُخَوِّفِينَ. ﴿بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِيٍّ مُبِينٍ﴾ [قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: بِلِسَانِ قُرَيْشٍ لِيَفْهَمُوا مَا فِيهِ] (١) .

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".