Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/125)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And you carve houses out of the mountains with great skill.” (149) “So fear Allah and obey me. (150) And do not obey the command of the transgressors, (151) who spread corruption throughout the land and do not set things right.” (152) They said, “You are merely one of those bewitched. (153) You are no more than a human being like us, so bring us a sign if you are telling the truth.” (154) He said, “Here is a she-camel: she has her share of water, and you have your share on a specified day.” (155)

Regarding His saying, exalted is He, “And you carve houses out of the mountains with great skill”: it is also recited as farihīn. It has been said that the two readings carry the same meaning (1). It has also been said that fārihīn means skilled in carving them, as in the expression, “A man is fārih,” meaning skilled. Those who recite it as farihīn cite Ibn Abbas as saying: “Exultant and insolent” (2). Ikrimah said: “Living in comfort.” Mujahid said: “Avid.” Qatadah said: “Self-admiring over your handiwork.” Al-Suddi said: “Tyrannical.” Abu Ubaydah said: “Exuberant.” Al-Akhfash said: “Joyful.” The Arabs interchange the letters h and ḥ, as in madaḥtuhu and madahtuhu, both meaning, “I praised him.” Al-Dahhak said: “Clever” (3).

Regarding His saying, “So fear Allah and obey me. And do not obey the command of the transgressors”: Ibn Abbas said, “The polytheists.” Muqatil said: “They were the nine men who hamstrung the she-camel.”

“Who spread corruption throughout the land”: through acts of disobedience. “And do not set things right”: they do not obey Allah in what He has commanded them.

“They said, ‘You are merely one of those bewitched.’” Mujahid and Qatadah said: “Among those bewitched and deluded”—that is, among those who have repeatedly been affected by magic. Al-Kalbi narrated from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas: that is, among created beings sustained by food and drink. One says, “He saḥarahu,” meaning, “He sustained him with food and drink.” They meant: You eat food and drink, and you are not an angel; rather, “You are no more than a human being like us, so bring us a sign” confirming what you claim, “if you are telling the truth”—that you are Allah’s messenger to us.

“He said, ‘Here is a she-camel: she has her share of water’”: an allotted portion and share of the water; “and you have your share on a specified day.”

(1) This was the view of Abu Ubaydah in Majaz al-Quran, 2:98. (2) Abu Jafar al-Nahhas said in Maani al-Quran, 5:97: “This is the more familiar of the two forms in the language, and it was the view of Abu Amr and Abu Ubaydah. It is as though the letter ha has been substituted for ha', since both are guttural letters.” (3) After presenting the views on the interpretation of the two Quranic readings, al-Tabari said, 19:101: “The sound position is that they are two well-known readings, both of which have been widely transmitted among the authorities on Quranic recitation. Whichever of the two a reciter reads, he is correct. The meaning of the reading faarihin is: skilled in hewing them, discerning in their choice of places to hew, and clever; it derives from faraahah. The meaning of the reading farihin is: exultant and insolent. It is also possible that faarih and farih have the same meaning.”

﴿وَتَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا فَارِهِينَ (١٤٩) فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ (١٥٠) وَلَا تُطِيعُوا أَمْرَ الْمُسْرِفِينَ (١٥١) الَّذِينَ يُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا يُصْلِحُونَ (١٥٢) قَالُوا إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ الْمُسَحَّرِينَ (١٥٣) مَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا فَأْتِ بِآيَةٍ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ (١٥٤) قَالَ هَذِهِ نَاقَةٌ لَهَا شِرْبٌ وَلَكُمْ شِرْبُ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ (١٥٥) ﴾ ﴿وَتَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا فَارِهِينَ﴾ وَقُرِئَ: "فَرِهِينَ" قِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُمَا وَاحِدٌ (١) . وَقِيلَ: فارهين أي: حادقين بِنَحْتِهَا، مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ فَرِهَ الرَّجُلُ فَرَاهَةً فَهُوَ فَارِهٌ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَ "فَرِهِينَ" قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَشِرِينَ بَطِرِينَ (٢) . وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: نَاعِمِينَ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: شَرِهِينَ. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: مُعْجَبِينَ بِصَنِيعِكُمْ، قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: مُتَجَبِّرِينَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: مَرِحِينَ. وَقَالَ الْأَخْفَشُ فَرِحِينِ. وَالْعَرَبُ تُعَاقِبُ بَيْنَ الْهَاءِ وَالْحَاءِ مِثْلَ: مَدَحْتُهُ وَمَدَهْتُهُ. قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: كَيِّسِينَ (٣) . ﴿فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ وَلَا تُطِيعُوا أَمْرَ الْمُسْرِفِينَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: الْمُشْرِكِينَ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: هُمُ التِّسْعَةُ الَّذِينَ عَقَرُوا النَّاقَةَ. ﴿الَّذِينَ يُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ بِالْمَعَاصِي، ﴿وَلَا يُصْلِحُونَ﴾ لَا يُطِيعُونَ اللَّهَ فِيمَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ. ﴿قَالُوا إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ الْمُسَحَّرِينَ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَقَتَادَةُ: مِنَ الْمَسْحُورِينَ الْمَخْدُوعِينَ، أَيْ: مِمَّنْ سُحِرَ مَرَّةً بَعْدَ مَرَّةٍ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَيْ: مِنَ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ الْمُعَلَّلِينَ بِالطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ، يُقَالُ: سَحَرَهُ، أَيْ: عَلَّلَهُ بِالطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ، يُرِيدُ: إِنَّكَ تَأْكُلُ الطَّعَامَ وَالشَّرَابَ وَلَسْتَ بَمَلَكٍ، بَلْ: ﴿مَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا فَأْتِ بِآيَةٍ﴾ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا تَقُولُ، ﴿إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ﴾ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْنَا. ﴿قَالَ هَذِهِ نَاقَةٌ لَهَا شِرْبٌ﴾ حَظٌّ وَنَصِيبٌ مِنَ الْمَاءِ، ﴿وَلَكُمْ شِرْبُ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ﴾

(١) ذهب إليه أبو عبيدة في "مجاز القرآن": ٢ / ٩٨. (٢) قال أبو جعفر النحاس في "معاني القرآن": (٥ / ٩٧) : "وهذا أعرفها في اللغة، وهو قول أبي عمرو، وأبي عبيدة، فكأن الهاء مبدلة من حاء، لأنهما من حروف الحلق". (٣) قال الطبري بعد أن عرض الأقوال في تفسير القراءتين: (١٩ / ١٠١) "والصواب أنهما قراءتان معروفتان، مستفيضة القراءة بكل واحدة منهما، في علماء القراء، فبأيتهما قرأ القارئ فمصيب. ومعنى قراءة من قرأ (فارهين) : حاذقين بنحتها، متخيرين لمواضع نحتها، كيسين، من الفراهة. ومعنى قراءة من قرأ (فارهين) : مرحين أشرين، وقد يجوز أن يكون معنى: فاره وفره، واحدا..".