Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/124)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the saying of the Most High: “And you fabricate falsehood” (al-Ankabut 29:17). The others recited it as khuluq, with u-vowels on both the first and second letters; that is, the custom of those before us. Their belief was that they live for as long as they live, then die, with no resurrection and no reckoning.

“And we will not be punished.” (138) So they denied him, and We destroyed them. Surely in that is a sign, yet most of them would not believe. (139) And indeed, your Lord—He is truly the Almighty, the Most Merciful. (140) Thamud denied the messengers, (141) when their brother Salih said to them, “Will you not fear Allah? (142) Indeed, I am a trustworthy messenger to you. (143) So fear Allah and obey me. (144) I ask of you no payment for this; my reward is only from the Lord of the worlds. (145) Will you be left secure amid all that is here—(146) amid gardens and springs, (147) fields, and palm trees whose fruit clusters are tender?” (148)

“And we will not be punished.” “So they denied him, and We destroyed them. Surely in that is a sign, yet most of them would not believe.” “And indeed, your Lord—He is truly the Almighty, the Most Merciful.”

His saying, exalted is He: “Thamud denied the messengers, when their brother Salih said to them, ‘Will you not fear Allah? Indeed, I am a trustworthy messenger to you. So fear Allah and obey me. I ask of you no payment for this; my reward is only from the Lord of the worlds. Will you be left secure amid all that is here’”—that is, in this worldly life—“‘safe’”: safe from punishment. “Amid gardens and springs, fields, and palm trees whose fruit clusters”—that is, their fruit; namely, the fruit that emerges from them—“are tender.”

Ibn Abbas said: “Delicate.” Hence, one speaks of a slender waist when it is delicate. Atiyyah narrated from him: “Ripe and fully mature.” Ikrimah said: “It is soft.” Al-Hasan said: “It is tender.” Mujahid said: “It crumbles and breaks apart when touched.” This is because, as long as it is moist, it is tender; but when it dries, it becomes brittle. Al-Dahhak and Muqatil said: “Some of it has overlapped with some of it [until some of it has broken some of it]” (1)—that is, crushed it.

The linguists said: It is that whose parts are joined together within its casing before it emerges. Al-Azhari said: Tender fruit clusters are those whose parts are intermingled with one another as a result of ripeness and softness. It was also said: They are digesting, meaning that they digest food. All these meanings arise from their delicacy (2).

(1) The text in parentheses is omitted from manuscript B. (2) These views are mentioned by al-Tabari, 19:99-100; Ibn al-Jawzi, 6:138; and al-Qurtubi, 13:128. There are other views concerning the verse. Al-Tabari said: “The most correct view is that al-hadim means that which is broken up due to its softness and moisture. This derives from the expression, ‘So-and-so hadhama his right,’ meaning that he diminished it and dealt unjustly with it. Likewise, hadm in reference to date-clusters means their diminution, due to their moisture and softness, either through being touched by hands or through their parts pressing upon one another. Its original form is the passive participle, which was altered to the form fa'il.”

تَعَالَى: "وَتَخْلُقُونَ إِفْكًا" (الْعَنْكَبُوتِ-١٧) ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ "خُلُقُ" بِضَمِّ الْخَاءِ وَاللَّامِ، أَيْ: عَادَةُ الْأَوَّلِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا، وَأَمْرُهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَعِيشُونَ مَا عَاشُوا ثُمَّ يَمُوتُونَ وَلَا بَعْثَ وَلَا حِسَابَ. ﴿وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُعَذَّبِينَ (١٣٨) فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (١٣٩) وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ (١٤٠) كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (١٤١) إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ صَالِحٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ (١٤٢) إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ (١٤٣) فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ (١٤٤) وَمَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَى رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (١٤٥) أَتُتْرَكُونَ فِي مَا هَا هُنَا آمِنِينَ (١٤٦) فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ (١٤٧) وَزُرُوعٍ وَنَخْلٍ طَلْعُهَا هَضِيمٌ (١٤٨) ﴾ ﴿وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُعَذَّبِينَ﴾ ﴿فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ ﴿وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ صَالِحٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ وَمَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَى رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ أَتُتْرَكُونَ فِي مَا هَاهُنَا﴾ أَيْ: فِي الدُّنْيَا ﴿آمِنِينَ﴾ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ. ﴿فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ وَزُرُوعٍ وَنَخْلٍ طَلْعُهَا﴾ ثَمَرُهَا، يُرِيدُ مَا يَطْلُعُ مِنْهَا مِنَ الثَّمَرِ، ﴿هَضِيمٌ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَطِيفٌ، وَمِنْهُ: هَضِيمُ الْكَشْحِ، إِذَا كَانَ لَطِيفًا. وَرَوَى عَطِيَّةُ عَنْهُ: يَانِعٌ نَضِيجٌ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: هُوَ اللَّيِّنُ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: هُوَ الرَّخْوُ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: مُتَهَشِّمٌ مُتَفَتِّتٌ إِذَا مُسَّ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ مَا دَامَ رَطْبًا فَهُوَ هَضِيمٌ، فَإِذَا يَبِسَ فَهُوَ هَشِيمٌ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: قَدْ رَكِبَ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا [حَتَّى هَضَمَ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا] (١) أَيْ: كَسَرَهُ. وَقَالَ أَهْلُ اللُّغَةِ: هُوَ الْمُنْضَمُّ بَعْضُهُ إِلَى بَعْضٍ فِي وِعَائِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ. وَقَالَ الْأَزْهَرِيُّ: الْهَضِيمُ هُوَ الدَّاخِلُ بَعْضُهُ فِي بَعْضٍ مِنَ النُّضْجِ وَالنُّعُومَةِ. وَقِيلَ: هَضِيمٌ أَيْ: هَاضِمٌ يَهْضِمُ الطَّعَامَ. وَكُلُّ هَذَا لِلَطَافَتِهِ (٢) .

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٢) ذكر هذه الأقوال؛ الطبري: ١٩ / ٩٩-١٠٠، ابن الجوزي: ٦ / ١٣٨، القرطبي: ١٣ / ١٢٨، وفي الآية أقوال أخرى، قال الطبري: "وأولى الأقوال في ذلك بالصواب، أن يقال: "الهضيم": هو المتكسر من لينه ورطوبته، وذلك من قولهم: هضم فلان حقه: إذا انتقصه وتحيفه، فكذلك الهضم في الطلع، إنما هو التنقص منه من رطوبته ولينه إما بمس الأيدي، وإما بركوب بعضه بعضا، وأصله مفعول صرف إلى فعيل".