Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/120)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“By Allah, we were clearly astray (97) when we equated you with the Lord of the worlds, (98) and none led us astray except the wicked. (99) So now we have no intercessors, (100) nor any devoted friend. (101) If only we could return, so that we might be among the believers!” (102) Surely in this is a sign, yet most of them were not believers. (103) And indeed, your Lord is the Almighty, the Most Merciful. (104) The people of Noah denied the messengers. (105)

“By Allah, we were clearly astray.” “When we equated you”: that is, when we made you equal to the Lord of the worlds by worshipping you. “None led us astray”: that is, none called us to misguidance, “except the wicked.” Muqatil said: This refers to the devils. Al-Kalbi said: It refers to our forefathers whom we followed. Abu al-Aliyah and Ikrimah said: This refers to Iblis and Adam’s first son, Cain, because he was the first to institute murder and the various kinds of sins.

“So now we have no intercessors”: that is, no angels, prophets, or believers to intercede for us. “Nor any devoted friend”: that is, no close friend to intercede for us. The disbelievers will say this when the angels, prophets, and believers intercede. A true friend is one who is sincere in his affection, on the basis of religious commitment.

Abu Sa'id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Fanjawayh informed me; Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Yaqtini narrated to us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah Yazid al-Aqili informed us; Safwan ibn Salih narrated to us; al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us; someone who heard Abu al-Zubayr say: “I bear witness that I heard Jabir ibn Abd Allah say: I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, ‘A man in Paradise will surely say, “What has become of my friend so-and-so?” while his friend is in Hellfire. Allah Most High will say, “Bring his friend out to Paradise for his sake.” Then those who remain will say, “So now we have no intercessors, nor any devoted friend.”’” (1)

Al-Hasan said: “Seek many believing friends, for they will have intercession on the Day of Resurrection.”

“If only we could return”: that is, return to this world, “so that we might be among the believers.” “Surely in this is a sign, yet most of them were not believers. And indeed, your Lord is the Almighty, the Most Merciful.” The Almighty is He whom none can overcome. Allah is Almighty, yet despite His might, He is Most Merciful.

Allah Most High says: “The people of Noah denied the messengers.” Al-Hasan al-Basri was asked: “O Abu Sa'id, what do you make of His saying, ‘The people of Noah denied the messengers,’ ‘Ad denied the messengers,’ and ‘Thamud denied the messengers,’ even though only

(1) Al-Qurtubi mentioned it in his Tafsir, 13:118. None of the compilers of the Six Books or other collections transmitted it. The author cited it with his chain of transmission through al-Tha'labi; however, the identity of the person who heard it from Abu al-Zubayr is unknown.

﴿تَاللَّهِ إِنْ كُنَّا لَفِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ (٩٧) إِذْ نُسَوِّيكُمْ بِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (٩٨) وَمَا أَضَلَّنَا إِلَّا الْمُجْرِمُونَ (٩٩) فَمَا لَنَا مِنْ شَافِعِينَ (١٠٠) وَلَا صَدِيقٍ حَمِيمٍ (١٠١) فَلَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (١٠٢) إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (١٠٣) وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ (١٠٤) كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (١٠٥) ﴾ ﴿تَاللَّهِ إِنْ كُنَّا لَفِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ . ﴿إِذْ نُسَوِّيكُمْ﴾ نَعْدِلُكُمْ، ﴿بِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ فَنَعْبُدُكُمْ. ﴿وَمَا أَضَلَّنَا﴾ أَيْ: مَا دَعَانَا إِلَى الضَّلَالِ، ﴿إِلَّا الْمُجْرِمُونَ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يَعْنِي الشَّيَاطِينَ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: إِلَّا أَوَّلُونَا الَّذِينَ اقْتَدَيْنَا بِهِمْ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ وَعِكْرِمَةُ: يَعْنِي: إِبْلِيسَ، وَابْنَ آدَمَ الْأَوَّلَ، وَهُوَ قَابِيلُ، لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْلَ، وَأَنْوَاعَ الْمَعَاصِي. ﴿فَمَا لَنَا مِنْ شَافِعِينَ﴾ أَيْ: مَنْ يَشْفَعُ لَنَا مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ. ﴿وَلَا صَدِيقٍ حَمِيمٍ﴾ أَيْ: قَرِيبٍ يَشْفَعُ لَنَا، يَقُولُهُ الْكُفَّارُ حِينَ تُشَفَّعُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالنَّبِيُّونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ، وَالصَّدِيقُ هُوَ الصَّادِقُ فِي الْمَوَدَّةِ بِشَرْطِ الدِّينِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ فَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْيَقْطِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَزِيدُ الْعَقِيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَنْ سَمِعَ أَبَا الزُّبَيْرِ يَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ لَسَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِنِ الرَّجُلَ لَيَقُولُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مَا فَعَلَ صَدِيقِي فَلَانٌ، وَصَدِيقُهُ فِي الْجَحِيمِ، فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: أَخْرِجُوا لَهُ صَدِيقَهُ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ، فَيَقُولُ مَنْ بَقِيَ: فَمَا لَنَا مِنْ شَافِعِينَ وَلَا صَدِيقٍ حَمِيمٍ" (١) قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: اسْتَكْثِرُوا مِنَ الْأَصْدِقَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَإِنَّ لَهُمْ شَفَاعَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ. ﴿فَلَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً﴾ أَيْ: رَجْعَةً إِلَى الدُّنْيَا، ﴿فَنَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ ﴿وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ الْعَزِيزُ الَّذِي لَا يُغَالَبُ، فَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ، وَهُوَ فِي وَصْفِ عِزَّتِهِ رَحِيمٌ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ الْمُرْسَلِينَ﴾ قِيلَ لِلْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ أَرَأَيْتَ قَوْلَهُ: ﴿كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ الْمُرْسَلِينَ﴾ وَ ﴿كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ الْمُرْسَلِينَ﴾ وَ ﴿كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ﴾ وَإِنَّمَا

(١) ذكر القرطبي في التفسير: ١٣ / ١١٨، ولم يخرجه أحد من أصحاب الكتب الستة وغيرها، وساقه المصنف بإسناده من طريق الثعلبي، وفيه جهالة من سمع ابا الزبير.