Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/118)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And grant me an honourable mention among later generations, (84) and make me among the inheritors of the Garden of Bliss.” (85)

“And when I fall ill”: He ascribed illness to himself, although both illness and healing are entirely from Allah, as an expression of proper etiquette. This is like al-Khidr’s words: “So I intended to cause a defect in it” (al-Kahf 18:79), whereas he said: “So your Lord intended that they should reach maturity” (al-Kahf 18:82).

“He cures me”: that is, He heals me of illness.

“And who will cause me to die, then bring me to life”: He used “then” here to indicate an interval; that is, He causes me to die in this world and brings me to life in the Hereafter.

“And who, I hope”: that is, I hope, “will forgive me my sin on the Day of Recompense”: that is, my sins on the Day of Reckoning. Mujahid said: This refers to his words, “Indeed, I am ill”; his words, “Rather, this chief of theirs did it”; and his words to Sarah, “She is my sister.” Al-Hasan added his words concerning the stars: “This is my Lord.”

Isma‘il ibn ‘Abd al-Qahir informed us; ‘Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad al-Farisi informed us; Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan informed us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj narrated to us; Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Hafs ibn Ghiyath narrated to us, from Dawud, from al-Sha‘bi, from Masruq, from Aishah, who said: I said, “O Messenger of Allah, Ibn Jud‘an used to maintain ties of kinship and feed the needy in the pre-Islamic era. Will that benefit him?” He said, “It will not benefit him, for not once did he say: ‘My Lord, forgive me my sin on the Day of Recompense.’” (1)

All of this was Abraham’s argument against his people, declaring that none who does not perform these acts is worthy of divinity.

“My Lord, grant me sound judgment”: Ibn Abbas said: knowledge of Allah’s limits and rulings. Muqatil said: understanding and knowledge. Al-Kalbi said: prophethood. (2)

“And join me with the righteous”: with the prophets before me, in rank and station.

“And grant me an honourable mention among later generations”: that is, good praise, a fine reputation, and universal acceptance among the nations that come after me. Allah granted him this, and so the followers of every religion came to regard him with loyalty and praise him. Al-Qutaybi said: “Tongue” is used figuratively in place of speech, because speech is produced by it.

“And make me among the inheritors of the Garden of Bliss”: that is, among those whom You grant the Garden of Bliss.

(1) Reported by Muslim in Kitab al-Iman (Faith), chapter: “Evidence that the deeds of one who dies in disbelief do not benefit him,” no. 214, 1:196. (2) Al-Tabari adopted this view and mentioned no other. It is also narrated from Ibn Abbas. For the various views, see Zad al-Masir, 6:130.

﴿وَاجْعَلْ لِي لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِي الْآخِرِينَ (٨٤) وَاجْعَلْنِي مِنْ وَرَثَةِ جَنَّةِ النَّعِيمِ (٨٥) ﴾ ﴿وَإِذَا مَرِضْتُ﴾ أَضَافَ الْمَرَضَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَرَضُ وَالشِّفَاءُ كُلُّهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ، اسْتِعْمَالًا لِحُسْنِ الْأَدَبِ كَمَا قَالَ الْخَضِرُ: "فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَعِيبَهَا" (الْكَهْفِ-٧٩) ، وَقَالَ: "فَأَرَادَ رَبُّكَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَا أَشُدَّهُمَا" (الْكَهْفِ-٨٢) . ﴿فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِ﴾ أَيْ: يُبْرِئُنِي مِنَ الْمَرَضِ. ﴿وَالَّذِي يُمِيتُنِي ثُمَّ يُحْيِينِ﴾ أَدْخَلَ "ثُمَّ" هَاهُنَا لِلتَّرَاخِي، أَيْ: يُمِيتُنِي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَيُحْيِينِي فِي الْآخِرَةِ. ﴿وَالَّذِي أَطْمَعُ﴾ أَيْ: أَرْجُو، ﴿أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لِي خَطِيئَتِي يَوْمَ الدِّينِ﴾ أَيْ: خَطَايَايَ يَوْمَ الْحِسَابِ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: "إِنِّي سَقِيمٌ"، وَقَوْلُهُ: "بَلْ فَعَلَهُ كَبِيرُهُمْ هَذَا"، وَقَوْلُهُ لِسَارَّةَ: "هَذِهِ أُخْتِي"، وَزَادَ الْحَسَنُ وَقَوْلُهُ لِلْكَوَاكِبِ: "هَذَا رَبِّي". وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصٌ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: ابْنُ جُدْعَانَ، كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ، وَيُطْعِمُ الْمَسَاكِينَ، فَهَلْ ذَاكَ نَافِعُهُ؟ قَالَ: "لَا يَنْفَعُهُ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ يَوْمًا، رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي خَطِيئَتِي يَوْمَ الدِّينِ" (١) وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ احْتِجَاجٌ مَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ، وَإِخْبَارٌ أَنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ لِلْإِلَهِيَّةِ مَنْ لَا يَفْعَلُ هَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالَ. ﴿رَبِّ هَبْ لِي حُكْمًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَعْرِفَةُ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ وَأَحْكَامِهِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: الْفَهْمُ وَالْعِلْمُ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: النُّبُوَّةُ (٢) ﴿وَأَلْحِقْنِي بِالصَّالِحِينَ﴾ بِمَنْ قَبْلِي مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ فِي الْمَنْزِلَةِ وَالدَّرَجَةِ. ﴿وَاجْعَلْ لِي لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِي الْآخِرِينَ﴾ أَيْ: ثَنَاءً حَسَنًا، وَذِكْرًا جَمِيلًا وَقَبُولًا عَامًّا فِي الْأُمَمِ الَّتِي تَجِيءُ بَعْدِي، فَأَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ، فَجُعِلَ كُلُّ أَهْلِ الْأَدْيَانِ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُ وَيُثْنُونَ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ الْقُتَيْبِيُّ: وُضِعَ اللِّسَانُ مَوْضِعَ الْقَوْلِ عَلَى الِاسْتِعَارَةِ لِأَنَّ الْقَوْلَ يَكُونُ بِهِ. ﴿وَاجْعَلْنِي مِنْ وَرَثَةِ جَنَّةِ النَّعِيمِ﴾ أَيْ: مِمَّنْ تُعْطِيهِ جَنَّةَ النَّعِيمِ.

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب الدليل على أن من مات على الكفر لا ينفعه عمل، برقم (٢١٤) : ١ / ١٩٦. (٢) اعتمده الطبري ولم يذكر غيره، وهو مروي أيضا عن ابن عباس وانظر الأقوال في: زاد المسير: ٦ / ١٣٠.