Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/96)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; Qutaybah ibn Sa‘id narrated to us; Jarir narrated to us from al-A‘mash, from Abu Wa’il, from ‘Amr ibn Shurahbil, who said: ‘Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: A man said, “O Messenger of Allah, which sin is greatest in the sight of Allah?” He said, “That you set up a rival to Allah when He created you.” He asked, “Then which?” He said, “That you kill your child for fear that he will share your food.” He asked, “Then which?” He said, “That you commit adultery with your neighbor’s wife.” Thereupon Allah revealed, in confirmation thereof: “And those who do not invoke another god alongside Allah, nor kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except by right, nor commit unlawful sexual intercourse. Whoever does that shall meet a penalty.” (1)

His words, exalted is He, “Whoever does that”—that is, any one of these acts—“shall meet a penalty.” Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him and his father, said: It means only the recompense of sin. Abu ‘Ubaydah said: athām means punishment. Mujahid said: athām is a valley in Hell; this is also reported from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As. (2) It is also related in a hadith: “Al-Ghayy and al-Atham are two wells into which the pus of the inhabitants of the Fire flows.” (3)

“The punishment will be multiplied for him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein, humiliated (69)—except for those who repent, believe, and do righteous deeds. For them Allah will replace their evil deeds with good deeds. And Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Most Merciful (70).”

His words, exalted is He, “The punishment will be multiplied for him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein, humiliated”: Ibn ‘Amir and Abu Bakr recited “the punishment will be multiplied” and “he will abide” in the indicative, treating them as independent clauses. Ibn ‘Amir read the former in its intensive form, meaning, “the punishment will be multiplied many times.” The other reciters read both in the jussive, as the result clause of the conditional statement.

“Except for those who repent, believe, and do righteous deeds.” Qatadah said: Except for one who repents from his sin, believes in his Lord, and performs righteous deeds in what lies between him and his Lord.

Abu Sa‘id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah informed me; Musa ibn Muhammad narrated to us; Musa ibn Harun al-Hammal narrated to us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Shafi‘i narrated to us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Raja’ narrated to us from ‘Ubayd Allah ibn ‘Umar, from ‘Ali ibn Yazid, from Yusuf ibn Mihran, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said: We recited, during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, for two years, “And those who do not invoke another god alongside Allah…” to the end of the verse. Then the verse, “Except for those who repent,” was revealed. I never saw the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, rejoice over anything as greatly as he rejoiced over it, and over: “Indeed, We have granted you a clear victory, so that Allah may forgive you your past and future sins.” (4) (al-Fath 1–2)

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the exegesis of Surah al-Furqan, in the chapter “Those who do not invoke another deity alongside Allah,” 8:492. (2) See al-Tabari, 19:44-45. This was also the view of Mujahid and Ikrimah. See also al-Zuhd by Imam Hannad, 1:369, with the editor’s annotation. (3) Narrated at length by al-Tabari from the hadith of Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with him, 19:44-45. (4) Al-Haythami said in al-Majma, 7:84: “Al-Tabarani narrated it through Ali ibn Zayd from Yusuf ibn Mihran. Both have been considered trustworthy, though both have some weakness; the rest of its narrators are reliable. He also has another hadith in a Sahih collection besides this one.” Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it to Ibn al-Mundhir and Ibn Mardawayh. Al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:279.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُّ الذَّنْبِ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: "أَنْ تَدْعُوَ لِلَّهِ نِدًّا وَهُوَ خَلَقَكَ" قَالَ" ثُمَّ أَيُّ؟ قَالَ: "أَنْ تَقْتُلَ وَلَدَكَ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَطْعَمَ مَعَكَ"، قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَيُّ؟ قَالَ: "أَنْ تُزَانِيَ حَلِيلَةَ جَارِكَ"، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَصْدِيقَهَا: "وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يَزْنُونَ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثَامًا" (١) قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ﴾ أَيْ: شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالِ، ﴿يَلْقَ أَثَامًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ جَزَاءَ الْإِثْمِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: "الْآثَامُ": الْعُقُوبَةُ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: "الْآثَامُ": وَادٍ فِي جَهَنَّمَ، يُرْوَى ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ (٢) وَيُرْوَى فِي الْحَدِيثِ: "الْغَيُّ وَالْآثَامُ بئران يسيل فيها صَدِيدُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ" (٣) . ﴿يُضَاعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذَابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَيَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهَانًا (٦٩) إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا فَأُولَئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا (٧٠) ﴾ ﴿يُضَاعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذَابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَيَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهَانًا﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ "يُضَاعَفُ" وَ"يَخْلُدُ" بِرَفْعِ الْفَاءِ وَالدَّالِ عَلَى الِابْتِدَاءِ، وَشَدَّدَ بن عَامِرٍ: "يُضَعِّفُ"، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِجَزْمِ الْفَاءِ وَالدَّالِ عَلَى جَوَابِ الشَّرْطِ. ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ، وَآمَنَ بِرَبِّهِ، وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَبِّهِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ الْحَمَّالُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ عَنْ عَبِيدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَرَأْنَاهَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَنَتَيْنِ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ﴾ الْآيَةَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ﴾ فَمًا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَرِحَ بِشَيْءٍ قَطُّ كَفَرَحِهِ بِهَا وَفَرَحِهِ بِـ: "إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا لِيَغْفِرَ لَكَ اللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ" (٤) (الْفَتْحِ ١ -٢)

(١) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير سورة الفرقان، باب "والذين لا يدعون مع الله إلها آخر": ٨ / ٤٩٢. (٢) انظر: الطبري ١٩ / ٤٤-٤٥، وهو أيضا قول مجاهد وعكرمة، وانظر: الزهد للإمام هناد: ١ / ٣٦٩ مع تعليق المحقق. (٣) أخرجه الطبري من حديث أبي أمامة ﵁ مطولا: ١٩ / ٤٤-٤٥. (٤) قال الهيثمي في المجمع: (٧ / ٨٤) : "رواه الطبراني من رواية علي بن زيد عن يوسف بن مهران، وقد وثقا وفيهما ضعف، وبقية رجاله ثقات. وله حديث في الصحيح غير هذا". وزاد السيوطي نسبته لابن المنذر وابن مردويه. الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٢٧٩.