Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/95)

“And those who do not invoke another god alongside Allah, nor kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except by right, nor commit unlawful sexual intercourse. Whoever does that shall meet a penalty.” (68)

Allah, exalted is He, says: “And those who do not invoke another god alongside Allah…” to the end of the verse. ‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; Ibrahim ibn Musa narrated to us; Hisham ibn Yusuf informed us that Ibn Jurayj informed them, saying: Ya‘la—namely Ya‘la ibn Muslim—said that Sa‘id ibn Jubayr informed him from Ibn ‘Abbas that some people among the polytheists had killed in great numbers and committed adultery in great numbers. They came to Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and said: “What you say and call people to is good. If only you would tell us whether there is expiation for what we have done.” Thereupon this was revealed: “And those who do not invoke another god alongside Allah…” (1)

“And nor do they kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except by right, nor commit unlawful sexual intercourse.” And it was revealed: “Say, ‘O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of Allah’s mercy.’” (al-Zumar 53)

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Tafsir, Surah al-Furqan, 8:494; and by Muslim in al-Iman, the chapter “Islam Erases What Came Before It,” no. 122, 1:113; and in al-Tafsir, no. 19, 4:2318. See also al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 386.

﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يَزْنُونَ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثَامًا (٦٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ﴾ الْآيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: قَالَ يَعْلَى وَهُوَ يَعْلَى بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ كَانُوا قَدْ قَتَلُوا فَأَكْثَرُوا وَزَنَوْا فَأَكْثَرُوا فَأَتَوْا مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ الذي تقول وتدعوا إِلَيْهِ لَحَسَنٌ لَوْ تُخْبِرُنَا أَنَّ لِمَا عَمِلْنَاهُ كَفَّارَةً، فَنَزَلَتْ: "وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ" (١) . ﴿وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يَزْنُونَ﴾ ونزل: "قل يا عبادي الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لَا تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ" (الزُّمَرِ-٥٣) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير، سورة الفرقان: ٨ / ٤٩٤، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب كون الإسلام يهدم ما قبله برقم (١٢٢) : ١ / ١١٣، وفي التفسير، برقم (١٩) : ٤ / ٢٣١٨، وانظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٣٨٦) .