Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/91)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And We have sent you only as a bearer of good tidings and a warner. (56) Say, ‘I ask of you no payment for this, except that whoever wishes may take a way to his Lord.’ (57) And rely upon the Ever-Living, who does not die, and glorify Him with His praise. Sufficient is He as One fully aware of the sins of His servants—(58) He who created the heavens and the earth and all that lies between them in six days, then rose over the Throne—the Most Merciful. So ask concerning Him one who is well informed. (59)”

“And they worship besides Allah”: that is, these idolaters, “that which neither benefits them” if they worship it, “nor harms them” if they abandon it. “And the disbeliever is ever an ally against his Lord”: that is, he aids Satan against his Lord through acts of disobedience. Al-Zajjaj said: That is, the disbeliever assists Satan in disobeying Allah, for their worship of idols is an aid to Satan.

It has also been said that the meaning of “and the disbeliever is ever an ally against his Lord” is that he is insignificant and abased before his Lord, just as one says, “The man treated me as something behind his back,” meaning, he treated me as insignificant. One says, “I put him behind my back,” when one casts him behind one’s back and pays him no heed.

“And We have sent you only as a bearer of good tidings and a warner”: that is, one who warns. “Say, ‘I ask of you no payment for this’”: for conveying the revelation, lest you say, “Muhammad seeks only our wealth through what he calls us to, so we will not follow him.” “Except that whoever wishes may take a way to his Lord”: this is a disconnected exception. Its meaning is: rather, whoever wishes to take a way to his Lord by spending his wealth in His cause, let him do so. The meaning is: I ask no payment for myself from you, but neither do I prohibit spending wealth in seeking Allah’s pleasure and taking the path to His Paradise.

“And rely upon the Ever-Living, who does not die, and glorify Him with His praise”: that is, pray to Him in gratitude for His blessings. It has also been said that it means: say, “Glory be to Allah, and praise be to Allah.” “Sufficient is He as One fully aware of the sins of His servants”: knowing them, and thus recompensing them for them.

“He who created the heavens and the earth and all that lies between them in six days, then rose over the Throne—the Most Merciful. So ask concerning Him one who is well informed”: that is, concerning the Most Merciful. Al-Kalbi said: It means, ask the One who is well informed [about this—that is, about what He has mentioned regarding the creation of the heavens and the earth and His rising over the Throne]. It was also said: (1) The address is directed to the Messenger, while what is intended is someone else, because he already affirmed it. The meaning is: O man, do not turn in seeking knowledge of this matter to anyone besides Me. It has also been said that the preposition means “about”; that is, ask one who is well informed about Him, and He is Allah, exalted is He. It has also been said: Gabriel.

(1) The text between the brackets is omitted in manuscript “A”.

﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا (٥٦) قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِلَّا مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ سَبِيلًا (٥٧) وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى الْحَيِّ الَّذِي لَا يَمُوتُ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِهِ وَكَفَى بِهِ بِذُنُوبِ عِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا (٥٨) الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ الرَّحْمَنُ فَاسْأَلْ بِهِ خَبِيرًا (٥٩) ﴾ ﴿وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، ﴿مَا لَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ﴾ إِنْ عَبَدُوهُ، ﴿وَلَا يَضُرُّهُمْ﴾ إِنْ تَرَكُوهُ، ﴿وَكَانَ الْكَافِرُ عَلَى رَبِّهِ ظَهِيرًا﴾ أَيْ: مُعِينًا لِلشَّيْطَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِ بِالْمَعَاصِي. قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: أَيْ: يُعَاوِنُ الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَى مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ لِأَنَّ عِبَادَتَهُمُ الْأَصْنَامَ مُعَاوَنَةٌ لِلشَّيْطَانِ. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ وَكَانَ الْكَافِرُ عَلَى رَبِّهِ ظَهِيرًا، أَيْ: هَيِّنًا ذَلِيلًا كَمَا يُقَالُ الرَّجُلُ: جَعَلَنِي بِظَهِيرٍ، أَيْ: جَعَلَنِي هَيِّنًا. وَيُقَالُ: ظَهِرْتُ بِهِ، إِذَا جَعَلَهُ خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهِ فَلَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ إِلَيْهِ. ﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا﴾ أَيْ: مُنْذِرًا. ﴿قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ﴾ عَلَى تَبْلِيغِ الْوَحْيِ، ﴿مِنْ أَجْرٍ﴾ فَتَقُولُوا إِنَّمَا يَطْلُبُ مُحَمَّدٌ أَمْوَالُنَا بِمَا يَدْعُونَا إِلَيْهِ فَلَا نَتَّبِعُهُ، ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ سَبِيلًا﴾ هَذَا مِنَ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ الْمُنْقَطِعِ، مَجَازُهُ: لَكِنْ مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ سَبِيلًا بِالْإِنْفَاقِ مِنْ مَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَالْمَعْنَى: لَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ لِنَفْسِي أَجْرًا وَلَكِنْ لَا أَمْنَعُ مِنْ إِنْفَاقِ الْمَالِ فِي طَلَبِ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ وَاتِّخَاذِ السَّبِيلِ إِلَى جَنَّتِهِ. ﴿وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى الْحَيِّ الَّذِي لَا يَمُوتُ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِهِ﴾ أَيْ: صَلِّ لَهُ شُكْرًا عَلَى نِعَمِهِ. وَقِيلَ: قُلْ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ. ﴿وَكَفَى بِهِ بِذُنُوبِ عِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا﴾ عَالِمًا فَيُجَازِيهِمْ بِهَا. ﴿الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ الرَّحْمَنُ فَاسْأَلْ بِهِ خَبِيرًا﴾ بِالرَّحْمَنِ. قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: يَقُولُ فَاسْأَلِ الْخَبِيرَ [بِذَلِكَ، يَعْنِي: بِمَا ذَكَرَ من خلق السموات وَالْأَرْضِ وَالِاسْتِوَاءِ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ. وَقِيلَ:] (١) الْخِطَابُ لِلرَّسُولِ وَالْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ غَيْرُهُ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مُصَدِّقًا بِهِ، وَالْمَعْنَى: أَيُّهَا الإنسان لا ترجح فِي طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ بِهَذَا إِلَى غَيْرِي. وَقِيلَ: الْبَاءُ بِمَعْنَى "عَنْ"، أَيْ: فَاسْأَلْ عَنْهُ خَبِيرًا وَهُوَ اللَّهُ ﷿. وَقِيلَ: جِبْرِيلُ ﵇.

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".