Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/89)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“That We may bring to life thereby a dead land and give it as drink to those We created—livestock and many people. And We have certainly distributed it among them that they might be reminded, but most of the people refuse except disbelief.” (49–50)

His saying, exalted is He, “That We may bring to life thereby,” means: through the rain; “a dead land.” He did not use the feminine form because it refers back to “site” and “place.” “And give it as drink to those We created—livestock,” means: We give livestock to drink from that water; “and many people,” means: many human beings. The word anasiyy is [the plural of insiyy; it is also said] (1) to be a plural of insan, its original form being anasin, just as bustan (garden) becomes basatin (gardens), with the letter y replacing the final n.

“And We have certainly distributed it among them,” meaning the rain: at one time over one land, and at another time over a different land. Ibn Abbas said: “No year receives more rain than another; rather, Allah distributes it throughout the earth,” and he recited this verse. (2) This is like the report traced back to the Prophet: “There is no hour of night or day in which the sky does not rain; Allah directs it wherever He wills.” (3)

Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Jurayj, and Muqatil related it from Ibn Masud, who traced it back to the Prophet, saying: “No year receives more rain than another. Rather, Allah has apportioned these provisions and placed them in the lowest heaven. From this rain there descends each year a known measure and a known weight. When a people commit sins, Allah directs it to others; and if they all disobey, Allah directs it to the deserts and the seas.” (4)

It was also said that the distribution of rain refers to its varying forms: as heavy rain, drizzle, fine spray, and the like. And it was said that this distribution refers to the wind.

“That they might be reminded,” meaning: that they may take heed and reflect upon the power of Allah, Most High. “But most of the people refuse except disbelief,” that is, denial. Their ingratitude was that, when they received rain, they would say, “We were given rain because of such-and-such a stellar station.” Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsī informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Musab informed us from Malik ibn Anas, from Salih ibn Kaysan, from Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah ibn Utbah ibn Masud, from Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhani, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, led us in the dawn prayer at al-Hudaybiyyah in the wake of rainfall

(1) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (2) Al-Hakim authenticated it in al-Mustadrak, 2:403. Al-Tabari transmitted it in 19:22 through al-Hasan ibn Muslim, from Said ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas. Al-Tabari also transmitted it from Ibn Masud as a mawquf report (one whose attribution stops at a Companion). Ibn Hajar said in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 122: “...There is also a report on this subject from Ibn Masud, transmitted by al-Uqayli through Ali ibn Humayd, from Shubah, from Abu Ishaq, from Abu al-Ahwas, from him. He said: ‘No one corroborates its marfu attribution [to the Prophet].’ He then transmitted it as a mawquf report through Umar ibn Marzuq, from Shubah, and said: ‘This is more likely correct.’ Ibn Mardawayh also cited it through another chain from Ibn Masud as a marfu report.” See also: al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:264; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 3:322. (3) Al-Hakim authenticated it in al-Mustadrak, 2:403. Al-Tabari transmitted it in 19:22 through al-Hasan ibn Muslim, from Said ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas. Al-Tabari also transmitted it from Ibn Masud as a mawquf report (one whose attribution stops at a Companion). Ibn Hajar said in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 122: “...There is also a report on this subject from Ibn Masud, transmitted by al-Uqayli through Ali ibn Humayd, from Shubah, from Abu Ishaq, from Abu al-Ahwas, from him. He said: ‘No one corroborates its marfu attribution [to the Prophet].’ He then transmitted it as a mawquf report through Umar ibn Marzuq, from Shubah, and said: ‘This is more likely correct.’ Ibn Mardawayh also cited it through another chain from Ibn Masud as a marfu report.” See also: al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:264; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 3:322. (4) Al-Hakim authenticated it in al-Mustadrak, 2:403. Al-Tabari transmitted it in 19:22 through al-Hasan ibn Muslim, from Said ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas. Al-Tabari also transmitted it from Ibn Masud as a mawquf report (one whose attribution stops at a Companion). Ibn Hajar said in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 122: “...There is also a report on this subject from Ibn Masud, transmitted by al-Uqayli through Ali ibn Humayd, from Shubah, from Abu Ishaq, from Abu al-Ahwas, from him. He said: ‘No one corroborates its marfu attribution [to the Prophet].’ He then transmitted it as a mawquf report through Umar ibn Marzuq, from Shubah, and said: ‘This is more likely correct.’ Ibn Mardawayh also cited it through another chain from Ibn Masud as a marfu report.” See also: al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:264; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 3:322.

﴿لِنُحْيِيَ بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَيْتًا وَنُسْقِيَهُ مِمَّا خَلَقْنَا أَنْعَامًا وَأَنَاسِيَّ كَثِيرًا (٤٩) وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَاهُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِيَذَّكَّرُوا فَأَبَى أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورًا (٥٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿لِنُحْيِيَ بِهِ﴾ أَيْ: بِالْمَطَرِ، ﴿بَلْدَةً مَيْتًا﴾ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: "مَيِّتَةً" لِأَنَّهُ رَجَعَ بِهِ إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ وَالْمَكَانِ، ﴿وَنُسْقِيَهُ مِمَّا خَلَقْنَا أَنْعَامًا﴾ أَيْ: نُسْقِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ أَنْعَامًا، ﴿وَأَنَاسِيَّ كَثِيرًا﴾ أَيْ: بَشَرًا كَثِيرًا، وَالْأَنَاسِيُّ: [جَمْعُ أُنْسِيُّ، وَقِيلَ] (١) جَمَعُ إِنْسَانٍ، وَأَصْلُهُ: "أَنَاسِينُ" مِثْلُ: بُسْتَانٍ وَبَسَاتِينٍ، فَجَعَلَ الْيَاءَ عِوَضًا عَنِ النُّونِ. ﴿وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَاهُ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمَطَرَ، مَرَّةً بِبَلْدَةٍ وَمَرَّةً بِبَلَدٍ آخَرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا مِنْ عَامٍ بِأَمْطَرَ مِنْ عَامٍ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُصَرِفُّهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٢) . وَهَذَا كَمَا رُوِيَ مَرْفُوعًا: "مَا مِنْ سَاعَةٍ مِنْ لَيْلٍ وَلَا نَهَارٍ إِلَّا السَّمَاءُ تُمْطِرُ فِيهَا يُصَرِّفُهُ اللَّهُ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ" (٣) . وَذِكْرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَمُقَاتِلٌ وَبَلَّغُوا بِهِ وابن مَسْعُودٍ يَرْفَعُهُ قَالَ: "لَيْسَ مِنْ سَنَةٍ بِأَمْطَرَ مِنْ أُخْرَى، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَسَّمَ هَذِهِ الْأَرْزَاقَ، فَجَعَلَهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا، فِي هَذَا الْقَطْرِ يَنْزِلُ مِنْهُ كُلُّ سَنَةٍ بِكَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَوَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ، وَإِذَا عَمِلَ قَوْمٌ بِالْمَعَاصِي حَوَّلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى غَيْرِهِمْ، فَإِذَا عَصَوْا جَمِيعًا صَرَّفَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْفَيَافِي وَالْبِحَارِ" (٤) . وَقِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ مِنْ تَصْرِيفِ الْمَطَرِ تَصْرِيفُهُ وَابِلًا وَطَلًّا وَرَذَاذًا وَنَحْوَهَا. وَقِيلَ: التَّصْرِيفُ رَاجِعٌ إِلَى الرِّيحِ. ﴿لِيَذَّكَّرُوا﴾ أَيْ: لِيَتَذَكَّرُوا وَيَتَفَكَّرُوا فِي قُدْرَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، ﴿فَأَبَى أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورًا﴾ جُحُودًا، وَكُفْرَانُهُمْ هُوَ أَنَّهُمْ إِذَا مُطِرُوا قَالُوا مُطِرْنَا بِنَوْءِ كَذَا. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كِيسَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي أَثَرِ سَمَاءٍ

(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) صححه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٤٠٣، وأخرجه الطبري: ١٩ / ٢٢ من رواية الحسن بن مسلم عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس. وأخرجه الطبري أيضا من رواية ابن مسعود موقوفا. قال ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (١٢٢) : ".. وفي الباب عن ابن مسعود، أخرجه العقيلي من رواية علي بن حميد عن شعبة عن أبي إسحاق عن أبي الأحوص عنه. وقال: لا يتابع على رفعه. ثم أخرجه موقوفا من رواية عمر بن مرزوق عن شعبة، وقال: هذا أولى، وأورده ابن مردويه من وجه آخر عن ابن مسعود مرفوعا". وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٢٦٤، تفسير ابن كثير: ٣ / ٣٢٢. (٣) صححه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٤٠٣، وأخرجه الطبري: ١٩ / ٢٢ من رواية الحسن بن مسلم عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس. وأخرجه الطبري أيضا من رواية ابن مسعود موقوفا. قال ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (١٢٢) : ".. وفي الباب عن ابن مسعود، أخرجه العقيلي من رواية علي بن حميد عن شعبة عن أبي إسحاق عن أبي الأحوص عنه. وقال: لا يتابع على رفعه. ثم أخرجه موقوفا من رواية عمر بن مرزوق عن شعبة، وقال: هذا أولى، وأورده ابن مردويه من وجه آخر عن ابن مسعود مرفوعا". وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٢٦٤، تفسير ابن كثير: ٣ / ٣٢٢. (٤) صححه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٤٠٣، وأخرجه الطبري: ١٩ / ٢٢ من رواية الحسن بن مسلم عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس. وأخرجه الطبري أيضا من رواية ابن مسعود موقوفا. قال ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (١٢٢) : ".. وفي الباب عن ابن مسعود، أخرجه العقيلي من رواية علي بن حميد عن شعبة عن أبي إسحاق عن أبي الأحوص عنه. وقال: لا يتابع على رفعه. ثم أخرجه موقوفا من رواية عمر بن مرزوق عن شعبة، وقال: هذا أولى، وأورده ابن مردويه من وجه آخر عن ابن مسعود مرفوعا". وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٢٦٤، تفسير ابن كثير: ٣ / ٣٢٢.