Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/203)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

of Sha‘ban and said: “O people, a tremendous and blessed month has come upon you—in another narration, ‘has approached you,’ with a t; that is, it has drawn near. It is a month in which there is the Night of Decree, better than a thousand months. Allah has made its fasting obligatory and standing in prayer during its nights voluntary. Whoever draws near to Allah in it through any act of goodness is like one who performs an obligatory duty at another time; and whoever performs an obligatory duty in it is like one who performs seventy obligatory duties at another time. It is the month of patience, and the reward for patience is Paradise; it is the month of mutual aid—that is, sharing with others—and a month in which provision is increased. Whoever provides food for a fasting person to break his fast will have forgiveness for his sins and emancipation from the Fire, and will receive a reward like that of the fasting person, without anything being diminished from the latter’s reward.”

They said, “O Messenger of Allah, not all of us can find what to provide for a fasting person to break his fast.” The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: “Allah grants this reward to whoever provides a fasting person with a sip of milk, a date, or a drink of water. Whoever satisfies a fasting person with food, Allah will give him a drink from my Basin after which he will never thirst, until he enters Paradise. Whoever lightens the burden of his servant during it, Allah will forgive him and free him from the Fire, until he enters Paradise. It is a month whose beginning is mercy, whose middle is forgiveness, and whose end is freedom from the Fire. So increase therein four qualities: two by which you please your Lord, and two which you cannot do without. As for the two by which you please your Lord, they are bearing witness that none is worthy of worship but Allah and seeking His forgiveness. As for the two which you cannot do without, they are asking Allah for Paradise and seeking refuge with Him from the Fire.” (1)

The Imam Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us: Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Mahmish al-Ziyadi informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn ‘Umar ibn Hafs al-Tajir informed us; Ibrahim ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar ibn Bukayr al-Kufi informed us; Waki‘ informed us, from al-A‘mash, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: “Every deed of the son of Adam is multiplied for him: each good deed is multiplied tenfold, up to seven hundred times. Allah Most High says: ‘Except fasting, for it is for Me, and I shall reward for it. The fasting person gives up his food, drink, and desire for My sake.’ The fasting person has two joys: a joy when he breaks his fast and a joy when he meets his Lord. The change in the fasting person’s breath is more pleasant to Allah than the fragrance of musk. Fasting is a shield; fasting is a shield.” (2)

‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Malihi informed us: Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; Sa‘id ibn Abi Maryam informed us; Muhammad ibn Matarif informed us; Abu Hazim related to me, from Sahl ibn Sa‘d, from the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, who said: “Paradise has eight gates, among them a gate called al-Rayyan, through which none but those who fast will enter.” (3)

(1) Ibn Khuzaymah narrated it in the Book of Fasting, chapter, “The virtue of the month of Ramadan,” 3:191-192, adding, “If this report is authentic.” Its chain includes Ali ibn Zayd ibn Jud'an, who is weak, as noted in al-Taqrib and Mizan al-I'tidal. Al-Mundhiri cited it in al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, 2:94-95, stating: “Ibn Khuzaymah narrated it in his Sahih; al-Bayhaqi narrated it through his route; and Abu al-Shaykh and Ibn Hibban narrated it in al-Thawab, in abbreviated form, from both of them.” (2) Al-Bukhari narrated it in the Book of Fasting, chapter, “The virtue of fasting,” 4:103; as well as in the Books of Dress and Tawhid. Muslim narrated it in the Book of Fasting, chapter, “The virtue of fasting,” no. 1151, 2:806. The author also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 6:221. (3) Al-Bukhari narrated it in the Book of Fasting, chapter, “Al-Rayyan is for those who fast,” 4:111. Muslim narrated it in the Book of Fasting, chapter, “The virtue of fasting,” no. 1152, 2:808. The author also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 6:219-220.

مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَقَالَ: "يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَظَلَّكُمْ شَهْرٌ عَظِيمٌ -وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَدْ أَطَلَّكُمْ بِالطَّاءِ -أَطَلَّ: أَشْرَفَ، شَهْرٌ عَظِيمٌ، شَهَرٌ مُبَارَكٌ، شَهْرٌ فِيهِ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ، شَهْرٌ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ صِيَامَهُ فَرِيضَةً، وَقِيَامَ لَيْلِهِ تَطَوُّعًا، مَنْ تَقَرَّبَ فِيهِ بِخَصْلَةٍ مِنْ خِصَالِ الْخَيْرِ كَانَ كَمَنْ أَدَّى فَرِيضَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ، وَمَنْ أَدَّى فِيهِ فَرِيضَةً كَمَنْ أَدَّى سَبْعِينَ فَرِيضَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ وَهُوَ شَهْرُ الصَّبْرِ، وَالصَّبْرُ ثَوَابُهُ الْجَنَّةُ، وَشَهْرُ الْمُوَاسَاةِ -أَيِ الْمُسَاهَمَةِ -وَشَهْرٌ يُزَادُ فِيهِ الرِّزْقُ وَمَنْ فَطَّرَ فِيهِ صَائِمًا كَانَ لَهُ مَغْفِرَةً لِذُنُوبِهِ وَعِتْقَ رَقَبَتِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أَجْرِهِ شَيْءٌ" قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ كُلُّنَا نَجِدُ مَا نُفَطِّرُ بِهِ الصَّائِمَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يُعْطِي اللَّهُ هَذَا الثَّوَابَ لِمَنْ فَطَّرَ صَائِمًا عَلَى مَذْقَةِ لَبَنٍ أَوْ تَمْرَةٍ أَوْ شَرْبَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ، وَمَنْ أَشْبَعَ صَائِمًا سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ ﷿ مِنْ حَوْضِي شَرْبَةً لَا يَظْمَأُ بَعْدَهَا حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَمَنْ خَفَّفَ عَنْ مَمْلُوكِهِ فِيهِ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَأَعْتَقَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَهُوَ شَهْرٌ أَوَّلُهُ رَحْمَةٌ وَأَوْسَطُهُ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَآخِرُهُ عِتْقٌ مِنَ النَّارِ، فَاسْتَكْثِرُوا فِيهِ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ خِصَالٍ، خَصْلَتَيْنِ تُرْضُونَ بِهِمَا رَبَّكُمْ، وَخَصْلَتَيْنِ لَا غِنَى بِكُمْ عَنْهُمَا، أَمَّا الْخَصْلَتَانِ اللَّتَانِ تُرْضُونَ بِهِمَا رَبَّكُمْ فَشَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَتَسْتَغْفِرُونَهُ، وَأَمَّا اللَّتَانِ لَا غِنَى بِكُمْ عَنْهُمَا فَتَسْأَلُونَ اللَّهَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَتَعُوذُونَ بِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْمِشٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ التَّاجِرُ أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ الْكُوفِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ يُضَاعَفُ لَهُ الْحَسَنَةُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَّا الصَّوْمَ فَإِنَّهُ لِي وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ، يَدَعُ الصَّائِمُ طَعَامَهُ وَشَرَابَهُ وَشَهْوَتَهُ مِنْ أَجْلِي، لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ، فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ فِطْرِهِ وَفَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِ، وَلَخُلُوفُ فِيْهِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ، الصَّوْمُ جُنَّةٌ، الصَّوْمُ جُنَّةٌ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُطَرِّفٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "فِي الْجَنَّةِ ثَمَانِيَةُ أَبْوَابٍ مِنْهَا بَابٌ يُسَمَّى الرَّيَّانَ لَا يَدْخُلُهُ إِلَّا الصَّائِمُونَ" (٣) .

(١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة: ٣ / ١٩١-١٩٢ في الصوم - باب فضل شهر رمضان وقال فيه: إن صح الخبر، وفيه علي بن زيد بن جدعان ضعيف (التقريب - ميزان الاعتدال) وذكره والمنذري في الترغيب: ٢ / ٩٤-٩٥ وقال: رواه ابن خزيمة في صحيحه.. ورواه من طريقه البيهقي، ورواه أبو الشيخ وابن حبان في الثواب باختصار عنهما. (٢) رواه البخاري: في الصوم - باب: فضل الصوم: ٤ / ١٠٣ وفي اللباس وفي التوحيد. ومسلم: في الصيام - باب: فضل الصوم برقم (١١٥١) ٢ / ٨٠٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٦ / ٢٢١. (٣) رواه البخاري: في الصوم - باب: الريان للصائمين ٤ / ١١١. ومسلم: في الصيام - باب فضل الصوم برقم (١١٥٢) ٢ / ٨٠٨. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٦ / ٢١٩-٢٢٠.