Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/82)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Muhammad ibn al-Ala' informed us; Abu Usamah informed us, from Yazid, from Abu Burdah, from Abu Musa, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: 46/a “The likeness of a righteous companion and a bad companion is that of the seller of musk and the blacksmith’s bellows. As for the seller of musk, he will either give you some, or you will buy some from him, or you will at least find from him a pleasant fragrance. As for the blacksmith’s bellows, they will either burn your clothing, or you will find from them a foul smell.” (1)

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Tawbah informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Harith informed us; Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kisa'i informed us; Abd Allah ibn Mahmud informed us; Ibrahim ibn Abd Allah al-Khallal informed us; Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Haywah ibn Shurayh, who said: Salim ibn Ghaylan informed me that al-Walid ibn Qays al-Tujibi informed him that he heard Abu Sa'id al-Khudri—Salim said: or from Abu al-Haytham, from Abu Sa'id—that he heard the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “Keep company only with a believer, and let none but a God-fearing person eat your food.” (2)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Kassab al-Naysaburi informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; Humayd ibn Ayyash al-Ramli narrated to us; Mu'ammal ibn Isma'il informed us; Zuhayr ibn Muhammad al-Khurasani narrated to us; Musa ibn Wardan narrated to us, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “A person follows the religion of his close friend, so let each of you consider whom he takes as a close friend.” (3)

“And the Messenger will say, ‘My Lord, indeed my people have taken this Quran as something abandoned.’” (30)

“And the Messenger will say”—that is, the Messenger will say on that Day: “My Lord, indeed my people have taken this Quran as something abandoned”—meaning, they forsook it: they turned away from it, did not believe in it, and did not act upon what it contains.

It was also said that they treated it as rambling and vile speech, claiming that it was poetry and sorcery. This was the view of al-Nakha'i and Mujahid.

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Dhaba'ih (Sacrifices), chapter on musk, 9:660; by Muslim in al-Birr wa al-Silah (Righteousness and Maintaining Ties), chapter on the desirability of keeping the company of the righteous, no. 2628, 4:2026; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:68. (2) Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Adab (Manners), chapter on those whose company one is commanded to keep, 7:185. Abu Dawud and al-Mundhiri made no comment on it. It was also reported by al-Tirmidhi in al-Zuhd (Asceticism), 7:76, who said, “We know this hadith only through this route”; by al-Darimi in al-At'imah (Foods), 2:103; and was authenticated by al-Hakim, 4:128, and by Ibn Hibban, no. 2049 in Mawarid al-Zam'an. The author graded it hasan (fair) in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:68. See also Fayd al-Qadir by al-Manawi, 6:405. (3) Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Adab, 7:186. Al-Mundhiri said: “Its chain contains Musa ibn Wardan, whom some scholars declared weak, while others said that there is no harm in him; some also held that the more likely form of this hadith is irsal (a mursal transmission).” Al-Tirmidhi also reported it in al-Zuhd, 7:49, and said: “This is a hasan gharib hadith.” Al-Hakim authenticated it, 4:171, and Imam Ahmad reported it, 2:303, 434. It is also cited in Mishkat al-Masabih, 3:1397, where it is additionally attributed to al-Bayhaqi in Shu'ab al-Iman. Al-Nawawi said: “Its chain is sound.” The author also reported it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:70.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى عَنِ النبي ﷺ قال: ٤٦/أ "مَثَلُ الْجَلِيسِ الصَّالِحِ وَالسَّوْءِ، كَحَامِلِ الْمِسْكِ وَنَافِخِ الْكِيرِ، فَحَامِلُ الْمِسْكِ إِمَّا أَنْ يُحْذِيَكَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَبْتَاعَ مِنْهُ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَجِدَ مِنْهُ رِيحًا طَيِّبَةً، وَنَافِخُ الْكِيرِ إِمَّا أَنْ يَحْرِقَ ثِيَابَكَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَجِدَ مِنْهُ رِيحًا خَبِيثَةً" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكِسَائِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَلَّالُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ حَيَاةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ أَنَّ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ التُّجِيبِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ -قَالَ سَالِمٌ: أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي الْهَيْثَمِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ-أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "لَا تُصَاحِبْ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنًا وَلَا يَأْكُلْ طَعَامَكَ إِلَّا تَقِيٌّ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ كَسَّابٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ وَرْدَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "الْمَرْءُ عَلَى دِينِ خَلِيلِهِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ أَحَدُكُمْ مَنْ يُخَالِلُ" (٣) . ﴿وَقَالَ الرَّسُولُ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ قَوْمِي اتَّخَذُوا هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ مَهْجُورًا (٣٠) ﴾ ﴿وَقَالَ الرَّسُولُ﴾ يَعْنِي: وَيَقُولُ الرَّسُولُ فِي ذلك اليوم: ﴿يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ قَوْمِي اتَّخَذُوا هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ مَهْجُورًا﴾ أَيْ: مَتْرُوكًا فَأَعْرَضُوا عَنْهُ، وَلَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ وَلَمْ يَعْمَلُوا بِمَا فِيهِ. وَقِيلَ: جَعَلُوهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْهَجْرِ وَهُوَ الْهَذَيَانُ، وَالْقَوِيُّ السَّيِّءُ، فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُ شِعْرٌ وَسِحْرٌ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ النَّخَعِيُّ وَمُجَاهِدٌ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الذبائح، باب المسك: ٩ / ٦٦٠، ومسلم في البر والصلة، باب استحباب مجالسة الصالحين، برقم (٢٦٢٨) : ٤ / ٢٠٢٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٦٨. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في الأدب، باب من يؤمر أن يجالس: ٧ / ١٨٥، وسكت عليه أبو داود والمنذري، والترمذي في الزهد: ٧ / ٧٦، وقال: "هذا حديث إنما نعرفه من هذا الوجه"، والدارمي في الأطعمة: ٢ / ١٠٣، وصححه الحاكم: ٤ / ١٢٨، وابن حبان برقم (٢٠٤٩) من موارد الظمآن، وحسنه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٦٨. وانظر: فيض القدير للمناوي: ٦ / ٤٠٥. (٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الأدب: ٧ / ١٨٦، قال المنذري: "وفي إسناده موسى بن وردان، وقد ضعفه بعضهم، وقال بعضهم: لا بأس به، ورجح بعضهم في هذا الحديث الإرسال". والترمذي في الزهد: ٧ / ٤٩ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن غريب"، وصححه الحاكم: ٤ / ١٧١، وأخرجه الإمام أحمد: ٢ / ٣٠٣، و٤٣٤، وذكره في المشكاة: ٣ / ١٣٩٧ وعزاه أيضا للبيهقي في "شعب الإيمان" وقال النووي: إسناده صحيح. وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٧٠.