Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/78)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Those who do not expect to meet Us say, ‘Why have the angels not been sent down to us, or why do we not see our Lord?’ They have certainly grown arrogant within themselves and transgressed with great insolence. On the Day they see the angels, there will be no good news that Day for the sinners, and they will say, ‘Utterly forbidden!’” (21–22)

His words, exalted is He, “Those who do not expect to meet Us,” mean: those who do not fear the Resurrection. Al-Farra’ said: “Hope” here carries the meaning of fear in the dialect of Tihamah. An example is His saying, exalted is He: “What is the matter with you that you do not attribute to Allah due grandeur?” (Noah 13)—that is, you do not fear Allah’s majesty.

“Why have the angels not been sent down to us,” so that they might tell us that Muhammad is truthful; “or why do we not see our Lord,” so that He might inform us of this. “They have certainly grown arrogant,” that is, they have magnified themselves, “within themselves” through this statement; “and transgressed with great insolence.” Mujahid said: “They transgressed”—they exceeded all bounds in speech. Insolence is the most severe form of disbelief and the grossest injustice. Their insolence was their demand to see Allah before they would believe in Him.

“On the Day they see the angels”: at the time of death. It was also said: on the Day of Resurrection. “There will be no good news that Day for the sinners”: that is, for the disbelievers. This is because the angels bring glad tidings to the believers on the Day of Resurrection and say to the disbelievers, “There is no good news for you.” This was the view of Atiyyah. Others said that it means there will be no glad tidings of Paradise for the sinners on the Day of Resurrection, unlike the glad tidings given to the believers.

“And they will say, ‘Utterly forbidden!’” Ata’ related from Ibn Abbas that the angels will say: “It is utterly forbidden for anyone to enter Paradise except one who says, ‘There is no god but Allah.’” Muqatil said: When the disbelievers emerge from their graves, the angels will say to them: “It is utterly forbidden ⦗45/b⦘ for you to receive glad tidings.” Others said that this is what the disbelievers will say to the angels. Ibn Jurayj said: When hardship befell the Arabs and they saw something they disliked, they would say, “Utterly forbidden!” Thus, they will say it when they behold the angels.

﴿وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ نَرَى رَبَّنَا لَقَدِ اسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَعَتَوْا عُتُوًّا كَبِيرًا (٢١) يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَا بُشْرَى يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُجْرِمِينَ وَيَقُولُونَ حِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا (٢٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا﴾ أَيْ: لَا يَخَافُونَ الْبَعْثَ، قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: "الرَّجَاءُ" بِمَعْنَى الْخَوْفِ، لُغَةُ تِهَامَةَ، وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا" (نُوحٍ-١٣) ، أَيْ: لَا تَخَافُونَ لِلَّهِ عَظَمَةً. ﴿لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ﴾ فَتُخْبِرُنَا أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا صَادِقٌ، ﴿أَوْ نَرَى رَبَّنَا﴾ فَيُخْبِرُنَا بِذَلِكَ. ﴿لَقَدِ اسْتَكْبَرُوا﴾ أَيْ: تَعَظَّمُوا. ﴿فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ بِهَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةِ، ﴿وَعَتَوْا عُتُوًّا كَبِيرًا﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: "عَتَوْا" طَغَوْا فِي الْقَوْلِ وَ"الْعُتُّوُّ": أَشَدُّ الْكُفْرِ وَأَفْحَشُ الظُّلْمِ، وَعُتُوُّهُمْ طَلَبُهُمْ رُؤْيَةِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ. ﴿يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ﴾ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ. وَقِيلَ: فِي الْقِيَامَةِ. ﴿لَا بُشْرَى يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُجْرِمِينَ﴾ لِلْكَافِرِينَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ يُبَشِّرُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَيَقُولُونَ لِلْكُفَّارِ: لَا بُشْرَى لَكُمْ، هَكَذَا قَالَ عَطِيَّةُ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ لَا بُشْرَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لِلْمُجْرِمِينَ، أَيْ: لَا بِشَارَةَ لَهُمْ بِالْجَنَّةِ، كَمَا يُبَشَّرُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ. ﴿وَيَقُولُونَ حِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: تَقُولُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَرَامًا مُحَرَّمًا أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ، إِلَّا مَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: إِذَا خَرَجَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ قُبُورِهِمْ قَالَتْ لَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ حرامًا محرمًا ٤٥/ب عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَكُمُ الْبُشْرَى. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: هَذَا قَوْلُ الْكُفَّارِ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ إِذَا نَزَلَتْ بِهِمْ شِدَّةٌ رَأَوْا مَا يَكْرَهُونَ، قَالُوا حِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا، فَهُمْ يقولونه إذا عينوا الْمَلَائِكَةَ.