Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/68)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It was said that this occurred during the digging of the Trench, when the hypocrites would slip away from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, unnoticed. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Under cover,” meaning, they would seek cover behind one another. This was because the hypocrites found it burdensome to remain in the mosque on Friday and listen to the Prophet’s sermon, peace and blessings be upon him. So they would conceal themselves behind some of his Companions and leave the mosque unnoticed.

The meaning of His saying, “Allah certainly knows,” is a threat of requital. “So let those who oppose his command beware”: that is, his command; the particle rendered “oppose” is supplementary. It was also said that it means: those who turn away from his command and depart from it without his permission. “Lest a trial afflict them,” meaning, lest a trial befall them. Mujahid said: a tribulation in this world. “Or a painful punishment afflict them”: that is, a grievous punishment in the Hereafter. It was also said that it means an immediate painful punishment in this world.

Then He magnified Himself, saying:

“Unquestionably, to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. He certainly knows what you are doing. And on the Day they are returned to Him, He will inform them of what they did. And Allah is All-Knowing of everything.” (64)

“Unquestionably, to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth,” as possessions and servants. “He certainly knows what you are doing”—namely, faith and hypocrisy; that is, He knows, while the word rendered “certainly” is supplementary. “And on the Day they are returned to Him,” meaning, the Day of Resurrection. “He will inform them of what they did,” whether good or evil. “And Allah is All-Knowing of everything.”

Abu Sa'id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Fanjawayh informed me; Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Shaybah related to us; Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Karabisi related to us; Sulayman ibn Tawbah related to us; Abu Dawud al-Ansari informed us; Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Shami informed us; Shu'ayb ibn Ishaq related to us, from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, from Aishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Do not lodge women in upper rooms, nor teach them writing. Teach them spinning and Surah al-Nur.” (1)

(1) Al-Hakim recorded it, 2:396, and said: “This hadith has an authentic chain of transmission, though al-Bukhari and Muslim did not include it.” Al-Dhahabi criticized this, saying: “Rather, it is fabricated; its defect lies with Abd al-Wahhab.” Abu Hatim said: “He is a liar.” Al-Haythami stated in Majma al-Zawaid, 4:93: “Al-Tabarani narrated it in al-Awsat, and its chain contains Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Shami, whom al-Daraqutni declared a liar.” Ibn al-Jawzi also cited it in al-Ilal al-Mutanahiya. Al-Suyuti likewise attributed it to al-Bayhaqi in Shuab al-Iman and to Ibn Mardawayh. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:124.

قِيلَ: كَانَ هَذَا فِي حَفْرِ الْخَنْدَقِ، فَكَانَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ يَنْصَرِفُونَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُخْتَفِينَ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: "لِوَاذًا" أَيْ: يَلُوذُ بَعْضُهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ كَانَ يَثْقُلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَقَامُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَاسْتِمَاعُ خُطْبَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَكَانُوا يَلُوذُونَ بِبَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ فَيَخْرُجُونَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فِي اسْتِتَارٍ. وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ﴾ للتهديد بالمجازاة. ﴿فَلْيَحْذَرِالَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ﴾ أَيْ: أَمْرَهُ وَ"عَنْ" صِلَةٌ. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ يُعْرِضُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ وَيَنْصَرِفُونَ عَنْهُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ. ﴿أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ﴾ أَيْ لِئَلَّا تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ، قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: بَلَاءٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا، ﴿أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ وَجِيعٌ فِي الْآخِرَةِ. وَقِيلَ: عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ عَاجِلٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا. ثُمَّ عَظَّمَ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ: ﴿أَلَا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ قَدْ يَعْلَمُ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَيَوْمَ يُرْجَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (٦٤) ﴾ ﴿أَلَا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ﴾ مَلِكًا وَعَبِيدًا، ﴿قَدْ يَعْلَمُ مَاأَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ﴾ الْإِيمَانِ وَالنِّفَاقِ أَيْ: يَعْلَمُ، وَ"قَدْ" صِلَةٌ ﴿وَيَوْمَ يُرْجَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: يَوْمَ الْبَعْثِ، ﴿فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا﴾ الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ، ﴿وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ فَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ تَوْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشَّامِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا تُنْزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ الْغُرَفَ، وَلَا تُعَلِّمُوهُنَّ الْكِتَابَةَ، وَعَلِّمُوهُنَّ الْغَزْلَ، وَسُورَةَ النُّورِ" (١)

(١) أخرجه الحاكم: ٢ / ٣٩٦ وقال: "هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه" فتعقبه الذهبي فقال: بل موضوع، وآفته عبد الوهاب، قال أبو حاتم: كذاب". وقال الهيثمي في المجمع (٤ / ٩٣) : "رواه الطبراني في الأوسط، وفيه محمد بن إبراهيم الشامي، قال الدارقطني: كذاب". وذكره ابن الجوزي في "العلل المتناهية". ونسبه السيوطي أيضا للبيهقي في شعب الإيمان، وابن مردويه، انظر: الدر المنثور: ٦ / ١٢٤.