Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/57)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Say, ‘Obey Allah and obey the Messenger. But if they turn away, then upon him rests only that with which he has been charged, and upon you rests that with which you have been charged. If you obey him, you will be rightly guided. The Messenger is responsible only for clear conveyance.’ (54)

“Allah has promised those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will surely grant them succession in the land, just as He granted succession to those before them; that He will surely establish for them their religion, which He has chosen for them; and that He will surely replace their fear with security. They worship Me, associating nothing with Me. But whoever disbelieves after that—such are the defiantly disobedient.” (55)

“Say, ‘Obey Allah and obey the Messenger. But if they turn away,’” that is, if they turn away from obeying Allah and His Messenger, “then upon him rests only that with which he has been charged,” meaning that the Messenger is responsible for what he has been charged with and commanded to do in conveying the message; “and upon you rests that with which you have been charged,” namely, answering the call and obeying. “If you obey him, you will be rightly guided. The Messenger is responsible only for clear conveyance,” that is, plain and evident delivery.

His saying, exalted is He: “Allah has promised those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will surely grant them succession in the land.” Abu al-‘Aliyah said concerning this verse: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, remained in Makkah with his Companions for ten years after the revelation began. They were commanded to endure the harm of the disbelievers, and they would begin and end each day in fear. Then they were commanded to emigrate to Madinah, and they were commanded to fight while still living in fear; none of them would part with his weapon. One of them said, “Will there not come a day when we can feel secure and lay down our weapons?” Thereupon Allah revealed this verse (1): “Allah has promised those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will surely grant them succession…”

(1) Al-Tabari transmitted it (18:159-160), and al-Suyuti (6:215) attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn Abi Hatim. Ibn Hajar stated in al-Kafi al-Shaf (pp. 119-120): “Al-Hakim also transmitted it with a connected chain (2:401), as did Ibn Mardawayh.” Al-Haythami said in al-Majma (7:83): “Al-Tabarani narrated it in al-Awsat, and its transmitters are trustworthy.” See also: al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 379; al-Qurtubi, 12:297; al-Wadi'i, al-Sahih al-Musnad min Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 108.

﴿قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ مَا حُمِّلَ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ وَإِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ (٥٤) وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضَى لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْنًا يَعْبُدُونَنِي لَا يُشْرِكُونَ بِي شَيْئًا وَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ (٥٥) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا﴾ أَيْ: تَوَلَّوْا عَنْ طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، ﴿فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ مَا حُمِّلَ﴾ يَعْنِي: عَلَى الرَّسُولِ مَا كُلِّفَ وَأُمِرَ بِهِ مِنْ تَبْلِيغِ الرِّسَالَةِ، ﴿وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ﴾ مِنَ الْإِجَابَةِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، ﴿وَإِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ﴾ أَيْ: التَّبْلِيغُ الْبَيِّنُ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: مَكَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ الْوَحْيِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَأُمِرُوا بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى أَذَى الْكَفَّارِ، وَكَانُوا يُصْبِحُونَ وَيُمْسُونَ خَائِفِينَ، ثُمَّ أُمِرُوا بِالْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأُمِرُوا بِالْقِتَالِ وَهُمْ عَلَى خَوْفِهِمْ لَا يُفَارِقُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ سِلَاحَهُ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ: مَا يَأْتِي عَلَيْنَا يَوْمٌ نَأْمَنُ فِيهِ وَنَضَعُ السِّلَاحَ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (١) ﴿وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ﴾

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ١٨ / ١٥٩-١٦٠ وعزاه السيوطي: (٦ / ٢١٥) لعبد بن حميد وابن أبي حاتم، قال ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (١١٩-١٢٠) : "ووصله الحاكم: ٢ / ٤٠١، وابن مردويه"، وقال الهيثمي في المجمع (٧ / ٨٣) : "رواه الطبراني في الأوسط ورجاله ثقات". وانظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٣٧٩) ، القرطبي: ١٢ / ٢٩٧، الصحيح المسند من أسباب النزول للوادعي ص (١٠٨) .