Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/50)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Salih ibn Hayyan narrated from Ibn Buraydah regarding the saying of Allah, Exalted is He, “In houses which Allah has commanded to be raised”: “There are only four mosques built by none but a prophet: the Ka‘bah, built by Abraham and Ishmael, who made it the qiblah; Bayt al-Maqdis, built by David and Solomon; the Mosque of Medina, built by the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him; and the Mosque of Quba, founded upon piety and built by the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.” (1)

His saying, “to be raised”: Mujahid said, “That is, to be built,” as in His saying, Exalted is He: “And when Abraham was raising the foundations of the House” (al-Baqarah 2:127). Al-Hasan said: “That is, that they be venerated, and that no indecent speech be uttered in them.”

“And in which His Name is mentioned”: Ibn Abbas said: “His Book is recited in them.” “He is glorified”: Ibn Amir and Abu Bakr recited it in the passive form, with the letter ba carrying a fathah vowel; according to this recitation, one stops at the words, “and the evenings.” The others recited it with the letter ba carrying a kasrah vowel, taking glorification as an action performed by the men. “They glorify Him”: that is, they pray to Him. “Therein, morning and evening”: that is, at dawn and in the evening.

The exegetes said that this refers to the obligatory prayers. The prayer performed at dawn is the Fajr prayer, while those performed in the evenings are the Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha prayers, since the term for the late afternoon encompasses both of the latter two. It was also said that it refers to the Fajr and Asr prayers.

The Imam Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Hiri informed us; Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ma‘qil al-Maydanī informed us; Muhammad ibn Yahya related to us; Abd Allah ibn Raja informed us; Hammam ibn Abi Hamzah informed us that Abu Bakr ibn Abd Allah ibn Qays narrated to him from his father, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “Whoever performs the two cool prayers will enter Paradise.” (2)

It is also reported from Ibn Abbas that he said: “The glorification in the early morning is the Duha prayer.” (3)

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sam‘ani informed us; Abu Ja‘far al-Rayyanī informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh informed us; Abd Allah ibn Yusuf informed us; al-Haytham ibn Humayd informed us; Yahya ibn al-Harith informed me, from al-Qasim ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Abu Umamah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever walks to an obligatory prayer while in a state of purification will have a reward like that of a pilgrim in ihram. Whoever walks to perform the Duha prayer, exerting himself for no purpose but that, will have a reward like that of one performing Umrah. And a prayer followed by another prayer, with no idle talk between them, is recorded in Illiyyin.” (4)

(1) See Al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:203. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Mawaqit (Book of Prayer Times), chapter: “The Merit of the Fajr Prayer,” 2:52; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Masajid (Book of Mosques), chapter: “The Merit of the Fajr and Asr Prayers,” no. 635, 1:440; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 2:227. (3) In Al-Durr, 6:206, al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Abi Shaybah and al-Bayhaqi in Shuab al-Iman. (4) Reported by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Salah (Book of Prayer), chapter: “What Has Been Reported Regarding the Merit of Walking to the Prayer,” 1:294. Al-Mundhiri said: “There is criticism regarding al-Qasim ibn Abd al-Rahman.” It was also reported by Imam Ahmad, 5:268; al-Bayhaqi in Al-Sunan, 3:49; al-Tabarani in Al-Kabir, 8:150, 207; and the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 2:357. See also Nasb al-Rayah, 3:151.

وَرَوَى صَالِحُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى" "فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ"، قَالَ: إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ مَسَاجِدَ لَمْ يَبْنِهَا إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ: الْكَعْبَةُ بَنَاهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ فَجَعَلَاهَا قِبْلَةً، وَبَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ بَنَاهُ دَاوُدُ وَسُلَيْمَانُ، وَمَسْجِدُ الْمَدِينَةِ بَنَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَسْجِدُ قُبَاءٍ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى بَنَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ (١) قَوْلُهُ: ﴿أَنْ تُرْفَعَ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: أَنْ تُبْنَى، نَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ من البيت" (لبقرة-١٢٧) ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: أَيْ تُعَظَّمَ أَيْ لَا يُذْكَرَ فِيهِ الْخَنَا مِنَ الْقَوْلِ. ﴿وَيُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: يُتْلَى فِيهَا كِتَابُهُ، ﴿يُسَبِّحُ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ "يُسَبَّحُ" بِفَتْحِ الْبَاءِ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَسْمِيَةِ الْفَاعِلِ، وَالْوَقْفُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْقِرَاءَةِ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ" "وَالْآصَالِ"، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِكَسْرِ الْبَاءِ، جَعَلُوا التَّسْبِيحَ فِعْلًا لِلرِّجَالِ، ﴿يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ﴾ أَيْ: يُصَلِّي، ﴿لَهُ فِيهَا بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ﴾ أَيْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ. قَالَ أَهْلُ التَّفْسِيرِ: أَرَادَ بِهِ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْمَفْرُوضَاتِ. فَالَّتِي تُؤَدَّى بِالْغَدَاةِ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ، وَالَّتِي تُؤَدَّى بِالْآصَالِ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ وَالْعِشَاءَيْنِ لِأَنَّ اسْمَ الْأَصِيلِ يَجْمَعُهُمَا. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِهِ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ وَالْعَصْرِ. أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ ابن الْحُسَيْنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ الْمَيْدَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا هَمَّامُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ صَلَّى الْبَرْدَيْنِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ" (٢) . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ قَالَ: التَّسْبِيحُ بِالْغُدُوِّ صَلَاةُ الضُّحَى (٣) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ السَّمْعَانِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّيَّانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ مَشَى إِلَى صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ وَهُوَ مُتَطَهِّرٌ فَأَجْرُهُ كَأَجْرِ الْحَاجِّ الْمُحْرِمِ، وَمَنْ مَشَى إِلَى تَسْبِيحِ الضُّحَى لَا يَنْصِبُهُ إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ فَأَجْرُهُ كَأَجْرِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ، وَصَلَاةٌ عَلَى أَثَرِ صَلَاةٍ لَا لَغْوَ بَيْنَهُمَا كِتَابٌ فِي عِلِّيِّينَ" (٤)

(١) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٢٠٣. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في المواقيت، باب فضل صلاة الفجر: ٢ / ٥٢، ومسلم في المساجد، باب فضل صلاتي الصبح والعصر، برقم (٦٣٥) : ١ / ٤٤٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٢ / ٢٢٧. (٣) عزاه السيوطي في "الدر": (٦ / ٢٠٦) لابن أبي شيبة والبيهقي في شعب الإيمان. (٤) أخرجه أبو داود في الصلاة، باب ما جاء في فضل المشي إلى الصلاة: ١ / ٢٩٤. قال المنذري: "القاسم بن عبد الرحمن فيه مقال". والإمام أحمد: ٥ / ٢٦٨، والبيهقي في السنن: ٣ / ٤٩، والطبراني في الكبير: ٨ / ١٥٠، ٢٠٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٢ / ٣٥٧، وانظر: نصب الراية: ٣ / ١٥١.