Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/38)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Marry off the single among you, and the righteous among your male and female slaves. If they are poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty. Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing.” (32)

Regarding His saying: “Marry off the single among you”: “the single” is the plural of ayyim, meaning one who has no spouse—whether a man or a woman. One may say: a single man, or a single woman. The meaning of the verse is: O believers, marry off those free men and women among you who have no spouse, “and the righteous among your male and female slaves.” This command is one of recommendation and encouragement.

It is recommended for one whose desire inclines toward marriage and who possesses the means for it to marry. If he does not possess the means for marriage, he should curb his desire through fasting. This is due to what Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Tusi informed us: Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Isfarayini informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Dawud ibn Masud informed us; Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ayyub al-Bajali informed us; Muhammad ibn Kathir informed us; Sufyan informed us, from al-Amash, from Umarah ibn Umayr, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Yazid, from Abd Allah ibn Masud, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “O young men, whoever among you is able to marry, let him marry, for it is more effective in lowering the gaze and better in guarding chastity. Whoever is unable to do so should fast, for it will curb his desire.” (3)

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, also said: “Marry and increase in number, for I shall boast of you before the nations, even of the miscarried child.” (4)

(1) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript “A.” (2) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript “A.” (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Nikah (Marriage), chapter: “The Prophet’s statement: ‘Whoever is able to marry should marry,’” 9:106; by Muslim in Kitab al-Nikah, chapter: “The recommendation of marriage for one who desires it,” no. 1400, 2:1018-1019; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:3. (4) Reported by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 6:173, from Sa'id ibn Abi Hilal as a mursal report. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in Talkhis al-Habir, 3:116: “The author of Musnad al-Firdaws transmitted it through Muhammad ibn al-Harith, from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Baylamani, from his father, from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah said: ... However, both Muhammads are weak narrators. Al-Bayhaqi also mentioned that al-Shafi'i cited it as an unchained report. “There is also a report on this subject from Abu Umamah, transmitted by al-Bayhaqi, which includes Muhammad ibn Thabit, who is weak; and a report from Anas, authenticated by Ibn Hibban; a report from Harmalah ibn al-Numan, transmitted by al-Daraqutni in al-Mu'talif wa al-Mukhtalif and by Ibn Qani' in al-Sahabah; a similar report in the Musnad of Ibn Mas'ud in Ilal al-Daraqutni; and a report from Iyad ibn Ghanm, transmitted by al-Hakim, whose chain is weak.” He then mentioned their respective wordings. See Kashf al-Khafa, 1:380.

﴿وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (٣٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ﴾ "الْأَيَامَى": جَمْعُ أَيِّمٍ، وَهُوَ مَنْ لَا زَوْجَ لَهُ [مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ، يُقَالُ: رَجُلٌ أَيِّمٌ وَامْرَأَةٌ أَيِّمَةٌ، وَأَيِّمٌ، وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: زَوِّجُوا أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ] (١) مَنْ لَا زَوْجَ لَهُ مِنْ أَحْرَارِ رِجَالِكُمْ وَنِسَائِكُمْ، ﴿وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ﴾ وَهَذَا الْأَمْرُ أَمْرُ نَدْبٍ وَاسْتِحْبَابٍ. يُسْتَحَبُّ لِمَنْ تَاقَتْ نَفْسُهُ إِلَى النِّكَاحِ وَوَجَدَ أُهْبَةَ النِّكَاحِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ أُهْبَةَ النِّكَاحِ يَكْسِرُ شَهْوَتَهُ بِالصَّوْمِ، لِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الطُّوسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بن إبراهيم الإسفرايني، [أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الْبَجَلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ] (٢) عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يَا مَعْشَرَ الشَّبَابِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمُ الْبَاءَةَ فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْ، فَإِنَّهُ أَغُضُّ لِلْبَصَرِ، وَأَحْصَنُ لِلْفَرْجِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَيْهِ بِالصَّوْمِ فَإِنَّهُ لَهُ وِجَاءٌ" (٣) . وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "تَنَاكَحُوا تَكَاثَرُوا فَإِنِّي أُبَاهِي بِكُمُ الْأُمَمَ حَتَّى بِالسَّقْطِ" (٤)

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٣) أخرجه البخاري في النكاح، باب قول النبي ﷺ: "من استطاع الباءة فليتزوج": ٩ / ١٠٦، ومسلم في النكاح، باب استحباب النكاح لمن تاقت نفسه، برقم (١٤٠٠) : ٢ / ١٠١٨-١٠١٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ٣. (٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في "المصنف": ٦ / ١٧٣ عن سعيد بن أبي هلال مرسلا. قال الحافظ ابن حجر في "تلخيص الحبير" (٣ / ١١٦) : "أخرجه صاحب "مسند الفردوس" من طريق محمد بن الحارث عن محمد بن عبد الرحمن البيلماني عن أبيه عن ابن عمر قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ:.. والمحمدان ضعيفان، وذكر البيهقي عن الشافعي أنه ذكره بلاغا. وفي الباب عن أبي أمامة أخرجه البيهقي.. وفيه محمد بن ثابت وهو ضعيف، وعن أنس صححه ابن حبان.. وعن حرملة بن النعمان أخرجه الدارقطني في "المؤتلف والمختلف" وابن قانع في "الصحابة"، وفي مسند ابن مسعود من "علل الدارقطني" نحوه، وعن عياض بن غنم أخرجه الحاكم، وإسناده ضعيف.. وذكر ألفاظهم. وانظر: كشف الخفاء: ١ / ٣٨٠.