Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/36)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Imam Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us; Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Hiri informed us; Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Maqil ibn Muhammad al-Maydani informed us; Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Mamar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Urwah, from Aishah, who said:

An effeminate man used to enter upon the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and they considered him to be among those without sexual desire. One day, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered while the man was with one of his wives, describing a woman. He said, “When she approaches, she approaches with four; and when she turns away, she turns away with eight.” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “I see that this man knows what is here. He must never enter upon you.” So they prevented him from entering upon them. (1)

“Or children who are not yet aware of women’s private parts.” The word “child” here refers to children, being used in both the singular and plural sense; that is, they have not uncovered women’s private parts for intercourse and thereby become acquainted with them. It was also said that, due to their young age, they cannot distinguish the private parts from other parts of the body. This was the view of Mujahid. It was also said that they are not capable of relations with women. And it was said that they have not reached the age of sexual desire.

“And let them not stamp their feet so as to make known what they conceal of their adornment.” When a woman walked, she would stamp her foot so that the sound of her anklets might be heard, or so that her anklets might become visible. She was therefore forbidden from doing so.

“And turn to Allah in repentance, all of you, O believers, so that you may prosper”—that is, repent of the shortcomings committed regarding His commands and prohibitions. It was also said: return to obedience to Allah concerning what He has commanded you and forbidden you of the etiquettes mentioned in this surah. Ibn Amir recited the vocative phrases “O believers,” “O magician,” and “O company of jinn and mankind” with the letter ha bearing a dammah, and paused without an alif, in accordance with the written text. The others recited the ha with a fathah, as is standard.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Saman informed us; Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abd al-Jabbar al-Rayani informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh informed us; Wahb ibn Jarir informed us; Shubah informed us, from Amr ibn Murrah, from Abu Burdah, who heard al-Agharr narrating from Ibn Umar that he heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: “O people, repent to your Lord, for I repent to my Lord one hundred times every day.” (2)

Abu al-Hasan informed us from Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Dawudi; Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Hammuwayh al-Sarakhsi informed us; Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Khuzaym al-Shashi informed us; Abu Muhammad Abd ibn Humayd al-Kashshi informed us; Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to me; Abd Allah ibn Numayr informed us, from Malik ibn Mighwal, from Muhammad ibn Suqah, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, who said: We would count the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying one hundred times in a single sitting: “My Lord, forgive me and accept my repentance. Indeed, You are the Accepter of repentance, the Most Merciful.” (3)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Libas (Dress), chapter: “Expelling Men Who Imitate Women from Houses,” on the authority of Umm Salamah, 10:333; by Muslim in Kitab al-Salam (Greetings), chapter: “Prohibiting an Effeminate Man from Entering upon Non-Mahram Women,” no. 2181, 4:1716; and cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:122. (2) Reported by Muslim in Kitab al-Dhikr wa al-Du'a wa al-Istighfar (Remembrance, Supplication, and Seeking Forgiveness), chapter: “The Recommendation to Seek Forgiveness and to Do So Abundantly,” no. 2072, 4:2076; and cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:71. (3) Reported by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Salah (Prayer), chapter: “On Seeking Forgiveness,” 2:151; by al-Tirmidhi in Kitab al-Da'awat (Supplications), chapter: “What One Says When Rising from a Gathering,” 9:393. He said: “This is a sound, authentic, and singular hadith.” It was also reported by Ibn Majah in Kitab al-Adab (Etiquette), chapter: “Seeking Forgiveness,” no. 3814; and by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 2:21. Ibn Hibban authenticated it, no. 2459, p. 609 of Mawarid al-Zam'an. It was also reported by Abd ibn Humayd in al-Muntakhab, p. 251, and Ibn al-Sunni in Amal al-Yawm wa al-Laylah, p. 179. See Majma al-Zawa'id, 2:113; and Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah, 2:89.

أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَيْدَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَجُلٌ يَدْخُلُ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُخَنَّثٌ وَكَانُوا يَعُدُّونَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ، فَدَخْلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمًا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ وَهُوَ يَنْعِتُ امْرَأَةً فَقَالَ: إِنَّهَا إِذَا أَقْبَلَتْ أَقْبَلَتْ بِأَرْبَعٍ وَإِذَا أَدْبَرَتْ أَدْبَرَتْ بِثَمَانٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "أَلَا أَرَى هَذَا يَعْلَمُ مَا هَاهُنَا لَا يَدْخُلَنَّ عَلَيْكُنَّ هَذَا" فَحَجَبُوهُ (١) ﴿أَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَى عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاءِ﴾ أَرَادَ بِالطِّفْلِ الْأَطْفَالَ، يَكُونُ وَاحِدًا وَجَمْعًا، أَيْ: لَمْ يَكْشِفُوا عَنْ عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاءِ لِلْجِمَاعِ فَيَطَّلِعُوا عَلَيْهَا. وَقِيلَ: لَمْ يَعْرِفُوا الْعَوْرَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا مِنَ الصِّغَرِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مُجَاهِدٍ. وَقِيلَ: لَمْ يُطِيقُوا أَمْرَ النِّسَاءِ. وَقِيلَ: لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا حَدَّ الشَّهْوَةِ. ﴿وَلَا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِنْ زِينَتِهِنَّ﴾ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا مَشَتْ ضَرَبَتْ بِرِجْلِهَا لِيُسْمَعَ صَوْتُ خَلْخَالِهَا أَوْ يُتَبَيَّنَ خَلْخَالُهَا، فَنُهِيَتْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. ﴿وَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا﴾ مِنَ التَّقْصِيرِ الْوَاقِعِ فِي أَمْرِهِ وَنَهْيِهِ، وَقِيلَ: رَاجِعُوا طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ فِيمَا أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ وَنَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ مِنَ الْآدَابِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ، ﴿أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ: "أَيُّهُ المؤمنون" و"يآيه السَّاحِرُ" وَ"أَيُّهُ الثَّقَلَانِ" بِضَمِّ الْهَاءِ فِيهِنَّ، وَيَقِفُ بِلَا أَلْفٍ عَلَى الْخَطِّ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِفَتْحِ الْهَاءَاتِ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الرَّيَّانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنُ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْأَغَرَّ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ تُوبُوا إِلَى رَبِّكُمْ، فَإِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَى رَبِّي كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّاوُدِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمَّوَيْهِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حُزَيْمٍ الشَّاشِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ الْكَشِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: إِنْ كُنَّا لَنَعُدُّ، لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ يَقُولُ: "رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَتُبْ عَلَيَّ، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ" مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ (٣) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في اللباس، باب إخراج المتشبهين بالنساء عن البيوت، عن أم سلمة: ١٠ / ٣٣٣ ومسلم في السلام باب منع المخنث من الدخول على النساء الأجانب، برقم (٢١٨١) : ٤ / ١٧١٦ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ١٢٢. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الذكر والدعاء والاستغفار، باب استحباب الاستغفار والاستكثار منه، برقم (٢٠٧٢) : ٤ / ٢٠٧٦ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٧١. (٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الصلاة، باب في الاستغفار: ٢ / ١٥١ والترمذي في الدعوات، باب ما يقول إذا قام من مجلسه: ٩ / ٣٩٣ وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح غريب. وابن ماجه في الأدب، باب الاستغفار، برقم (٣٨١٤) والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٢ / ٢١ وصححه ابن حبان برقم (٢٤٥٩) ص (٦٠٩) من موارد الظمآن، وأخرجه عبد بن حميد في المنتخب ص (٢٥١) وابن السني في عمل اليوم والليلة ص (١٧٩) . وانظر: مجمع الزوائد: ٢ / ١١٣ سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة: ٢ / ٨٩.