Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/31)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And if you find no one therein, do not enter until permission has been granted to you. And if you are told, ‘Go back,’ then go back; that is purer for you. And Allah is Knowing of what you do.” (28)

His saying, exalted is He, “And if you find no one therein, do not enter,” means: if you find no one in the houses who can grant you permission to enter, then do not enter them, “until permission has been granted to you. And if you are told, ‘Go back,’ then go back.” That is, if there are people in the house and they say, “Go back,” he should leave and should not remain standing insistently at the door. “That is purer for you,” meaning: leaving is purer and more wholesome for you.

Qatadah said: If he is not granted permission, he should not sit at the door ⦗38/b⦘, for people have their needs. But if he comes without seeking permission and sits at the door waiting, that is permissible.

Ibn Abbas would come to the doors of the Ansar in search of hadith and sit at the door until the man came out, without seeking permission. The man would then come out and say, “O cousin of the Messenger of Allah, why did you not let me know?” Ibn Abbas would reply, “This is how we have been commanded to seek knowledge.” (1)

If one stands at the door, he should not look through a crack in it when the door is closed. Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Husayn ibn Bishran informed us; Ismail ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Mamar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Sahl ibn Sad al-Saidi, that a man looked in upon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, through the curtain of his chamber, while the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had a comb-like instrument in his hand. He said: “Had I known that this man was looking at me, I would have gone to him and thrust this instrument into his eyes. Seeking permission was prescribed only because of looking.” (3)

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi informed us; al-Shafii informed us; Sufyan informed us, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-Araj, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “If a man were to look at you without permission, and you threw a pebble at him and put out his eye, there would be no blame upon you.” (4)

His saying, exalted is He, “And Allah is Knowing of what you do,” refers to entering with permission or without permission. When the verse concerning seeking permission was revealed, they said: “What about the houses that lie between Mecca, Medina, and Syria, and along the roadside,”

(1) Recorded in full, with his chain of transmission, by Ibn Abd al-Barr in Jami Bayan al-Ilm wa Fadlihi, p. 140. (2) The term is applied to two types: the first is a small implement made of ebony, ivory, or iron, about the length of an awl, used solely for parting the hair. Its head is rounded, in the shape of a sword blade. The second is larger: a conical rod made of ebony or another material, with a carved piece at its head approximately the size of the palm, bearing finger-like projections. The first of these is curved like the loop for the thumb, and is used for combing the hair. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Diyat (Blood Money), chapter: “Whoever looks into a people’s house and they put out his eye incurs no blood money,” 12:243; and by Muslim in al-Adab (Etiquette), chapter: “The prohibition of looking into another person’s house,” no. 2156, 3:1698. (4) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Diyat (Blood Money), chapter: “Whoever looks into a people’s house and they put out his eye incurs no blood money,” 12:243; by Muslim in al-Adab (Etiquette), chapter: “The prohibition of looking into another person’s house,” no. 2158, 3:1699; by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:254; and by al-Shafii, 2:101.

﴿فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فِيهَا أَحَدًا فَلَا تَدْخُلُوهَا حَتَّى يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ قِيلَ لَكُمُ ارْجِعُوا فَارْجِعُوا هُوَ أَزْكَى لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ (٢٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فِيهَا أَحَدًا فَلَا تَدْخُلُوهَا﴾ أَيْ: إِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فِي الْبُيُوتِ أَحَدًا يَأْذَنُ لَكُمْ فِي دُخُولِهَا فَلَا تَدْخُلُوهَا، ﴿حَتَّى يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ قِيلَ لَكُمُ ارْجِعُوا فَارْجِعُوا﴾ يَعْنِي: إِذَا كَانَ فِي الْبَيْتِ قَوْمٌ فَقَالُوا: ارْجِعْ فَلْيَرْجِعْ وَلَا يَقِفْ عَلَى الْبَابِ مُلَازِمًا، ﴿هُوَ أَزْكَى لَكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: الرُّجُوعُ أَطْهَرُ وَأَصْلَحُ لَكُمْ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: إِذَا لَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُ فَلَا يَقْعُدْ على الباب ٣٨/ب فَإِنَّ لِلنَّاسِ حَاجَاتٍ، وَإِذَا حَضَرَ وَلَمْ يَسْتَأْذِنْ وَقَعَدَ عَلَى الْبَابِ مُنْتَظَرًا جَازَ. وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَأْتِي بَابَ الْأَنْصَارِ لِطَلَبِ الْحَدِيثِ فَيَقْعُدُ عَلَى الْبَابِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ، وَلَا يَسْتَأْذِنُ، فَيَخْرُجَ الرَّجُلُ وَيَقُولُ: يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَخْبَرَتْنِي، فَيَقُولُ: هَكَذَا أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَطْلُبَ الْعِلْمَ (١) وَإِذَا وَقَفَ فَلَا يَنْظُرْ مِنْ شَقِّ الْبَابِ إِذَا كَانَ الْبَابُ مَرْدُودًا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ أَنَّ رَجُلًا اطَّلَعَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ سِتْرِ الْحُجْرَةِ وَفِي يَدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِدْرًى (٢) ، فَقَالَ: "لَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ هَذَا يَنْظُرُنِي حَتَّى آتِيَهُ لَطَعَنْتُ بِالْمِدْرَى فِي عَيْنَيْهِ، وَهَلْ جُعِلَ الِاسْتِئْذَانُ إِلَّا مِنْ أَجْلِ الْبَصَرِ" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَوْ أَنَّ امْرَأً اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذَنٍ فَحَذَفْتَهُ بِحَصَاةٍ فَفَقَأْتَ عَيْنَهُ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْكَ جُنَاحٌ" (٤) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ﴾ مِنَ الدُّخُولِ بِالْإِذْنِ وَغَيْرِ الْإِذْنِ. وَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الِاسْتِئْذَانِ قَالُوا: كَيْفَ بِالْبُيُوتِ الَّتِي بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ وَالشَّامِ وَعَلَى ظَهْرِ الطَّرِيقِ،

(١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر بسنده مطولا في جامع بيان العلم وفضله ص (١٤٠) . (٢) تطلق على نوعين: أحدهما: صغير يتخذ من آبنوس أو عاج أو حديد يكون طول المسلة يتخذ لفرق الشعر فقط، وهو مستدير الرأس على هيئة نصل السيف. وثانيهما: كبير وهو عود مخروط من آبنوس أو غيره، وفي رأسه قطعة منحوتة في قدر الكف، ولها مثل الأصابع، أولاهن معوجة مثل حلقة الإبهام المستعمل للتسريح. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الديات، باب: من اطلع في بيت قوم ففقأوا عينه فلا دية له: ١٢ / ٢٤٣ ومسلم في الآداب باب تحريم النظر في بيت غيره برقم: (٢١٥٦) : ٣ / ١٦٩٨. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الديات، باب: من اطلع في بيت قوم ففقأوا عينه فلا دية له: ١٢ / ٢٤٣ ومسلم في الآداب باب تحريم النظر في بيت غيره برقم: (٢١٥٨) : ٣ / ١٦٩٩ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٢٥٤ والشافعي: ٢ / ١٠١.