Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/30)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Peace be upon you. This is due to His saying, exalted is He, “until you have sought permission,” that is, until you have asked permission, “and greeted the occupants.” The majority hold that the greeting should come first, so that one says, “Peace be upon you. May I enter?” The verse employs reversal in word order; its intended sense is: “until you have greeted the occupants and sought permission.” This is likewise how it appears in the copy of the Quran belonging to Abd Allah ibn Masud.

It is narrated from Kaladah ibn Hanbal, who said: I entered upon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, without offering the greeting or seeking permission. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Go back and say: ‘Peace be upon you. May I enter?’” (1)

It is narrated from Ibn Umar that a man sought permission to enter upon him, saying, “May I enter?” Ibn Umar replied, “No.” Someone then instructed the man to offer the greeting, so he did so, and Ibn Umar gave him permission to enter. (2)

Some said: If his eyes fall upon a person, he should offer the greeting first; otherwise, he should seek permission first and then offer the greeting. Abu Musa al-Ashari and Hudhayfah said: One must seek permission before entering upon one’s unmarriageable female relatives. Al-Hasan said the same. Even if they live in the same house, one should clear one’s throat or make the slightest movement.

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Bishran informed us; Ismail ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Mamar informed us, from Said al-Jariri, from Abu Nadrah, from Abu Said al-Khudri, who said: Abd Allah ibn Qays greeted Umar ibn al-Khattab three times, but Umar did not grant him permission, so he left. Umar sent someone after him and asked, “Why did you leave?” He replied, “I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: ‘If one of you offers the greeting three times and receives no response, let him leave.’” Umar said, “You must bring proof for what you say, or else I shall do such-and-such to you,” having thus threatened him.

He said: Abu Musa al-Ashari then came, pale in complexion, while I was sitting in a gathering. We asked, “What is the matter with you?” He said, “I greeted Umar,” and he told us what had happened. Then he asked, “Has any of you heard this from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him?” They replied, “Yes, all of us have heard it.” So they sent one man from among them with him, and he went to Umar and informed him of this. (3)

Busr ibn Said also narrated it from Abu Said al-Khudri. In his version, Abu Musa al-Ashari said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “If one of you seeks permission three times and is not granted permission, let him leave.” (4) Al-Hasan said: The first is notification, the second is consultation, and the third is seeking permission to depart.

(1) Recorded by Abu Dawud in al-Adab (Etiquette), chapter: “How to seek permission,” 8:56-57; al-Tirmidhi in al-Istidhan (Seeking Permission), “What has been reported concerning greeting before seeking permission,” 7:490-491. He said: “This is a hasan gharib (fair, uncommon) hadith; we know it only through the narration of Ibn Jurayj. Abu Asim also narrated it from Ibn Jurayj in this manner.” Also recorded by Imam Ahmad, 3:414, and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:284. (2) Recorded by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 10:383; the author also mentioned it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:284. (3) See the narration in al-Jami by Imam Mamar, 10:380. It is also recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim, as will be mentioned in the following note. (4) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Istidhan (Seeking Permission), chapter: “Greeting and seeking permission three times,” 11:26-27, as well as elsewhere; by Muslim in al-Adab (Etiquette), chapter on seeking permission, no. 2153, 3:1694; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:280-281.

عَلَيْكُمْ، لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿حَتَّى تَسْتَأْنِسُوا﴾ أَيْ: تَسْتَأْذِنُوا، ﴿وَتُسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَهْلِهَا﴾ وَالْأَكْثَرُونَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُقَدِّمُ السَّلَامَ فَيَقُولُ: سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ أَأَدْخُلُ. وَفِي الْآيَةِ تَقْدِيمٌ وَتَأْخِيرٌ تَقْدِيرُهَا: حَتَّى تُسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَهْلِهَا وَتَسْتَأْذِنُوا. وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي مُصْحَفِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ كَلَدَةَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَمْ أُسَلِّمْ وَلَمْ أَسْتَأْذِنْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: ارْجِعْ فَقُلِ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَأَدْخُلُ (١) . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا اسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: أَأَدْخُلُ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَا فَأَمَرَ بَعْضُهُمُ الرَّجُلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ فَسَلَّمَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ (٢) . وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنْ وَقَعَ بَصَرُهُ عَلَى إِنْسَانٍ قَدَّمَ السَّلَامَ، وَإِلَّا قَدَّمَ الِاسْتِئْذَانَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، وَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ وَحُذَيْفَةُ: يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَى ذَوَاتِ الْمَحَارِمِ، وَمِثْلُهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي دَارٍ وَاحِدَةٍ يَتَنَحْنَحُ وَيَتَحَرَّكُ أَدْنَى حَرَكَةٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْجَرِيرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: سَلَّمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ فَرَجَعَ فَأَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ فِي أَثَرِهِ فَقَالَ: لِمَ رَجَعْتَ؟ قَالَ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِذَا سَلَّمَ أَحَدُكُمْ ثَلَاثًا فَلَمْ يُجَبْ فَلْيَرْجِعْ". قَالَ عُمَرُ: لَتَأْتِيَنَّ عَلَى مَا تَقُولُ بِبَيِّنَةٍ وَإِلَّا لَأَفْعَلَنَّ بِكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَوْعَدَهُ، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ مُمْتَقِعًا لَوْنُهُ وَأَنَا فِي حَلْقَةٍ جَالِسٌ، فَقُلْنَا: مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: سَلَّمْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا خَبَرَهُ، فَهَلْ سَمِعَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ كُلُّنَا قَدْ سَمِعَهُ، قَالَ فَأَرْسَلُوا مَعَهُ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى أَتَى عُمَرَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ (٣) . وَرَوَاهُ بُسْرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَفِيهِ: قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِذَا اسْتَأْذَنَ أَحَدُكُمْ ثَلَاثًا فَلَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُ فَلْيَرْجِعْ" (٤) . قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: الْأَوَّلُ إِعْلَامٌ وَالثَّانِي مُؤَامَرَةٌ، وَالثَّالِثُ اسْتِئْذَانٌ بِالرُّجُوعِ.

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في الأدب، باب: كيف الاستئذان: ٨ / ٥٦-٥٧، والترمذي في الاستئذان، ما جاء في التسليم قبل الاستئذان: ٧ / ٤٩٠-٤٩١ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث ابن جريج. ورواه أبو عاصم عن ابن جريج مثل هذا" والإمام أحمد: ٣ / ٤١٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٢٨٤. (٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في المصنف: ١٠ / ٣٨٣، وذكره المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٢٨٤. (٣) انظر الرواية في الجامع للإمام معمر: ١٠ / ٣٨٠ وهو عند الشيخين كما سيأتي في التعليقة التالية. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الاستئذان، باب: التسليم والاستئذان ثلاثا: ١١ / ٢٦-٢٧ وفي مواضع أخرى، ومسلم في الآداب، باب الاستئذان برقم (٢١٥٣) : ٣ / ١٦٩٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٢٨٠-٢٨١.