Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/23)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Al-Zuhri narrated from Urwah, from Aishah, concerning His saying, “But whoever took upon himself the greatest share of it among them”: she said, “Abd Allah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul” (1). The painful punishment is the Fire in the Hereafter.

Ibn Abi Mulaykah narrated from Urwah, from Aishah, in the account of the slander. She said: “Then I mounted, and Safwan took hold of the camel’s rein. We passed by a gathering of hypocrites, whose custom was to camp apart from the people. Abd Allah ibn Ubayy, their leader, said, ‘Who is this?’ They replied, ‘Aishah.’ He said, ‘By Allah, she has not escaped him, nor has he escaped her.’ He also said, ‘Your Prophet’s wife spent the night with a man until morning, and now he has come leading her along’” (2). Hassan, Mistah, and Hamnah also took part in it; they were among those who bore the greatest share of it.

Some said that it was Hassan ibn Thabit. Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Bishr ibn Khalid informed us; Muhammad ibn Jafar informed us, from Shubah, from Sulayman, from Abu al-Duha, from Masruq, who said: “I entered upon Aishah while Hassan ibn Thabit was with her, reciting poetry in praise of her. He said:

‘Chaste and dignified, never suspected of disgrace;
She rises hungry, untouched by the flesh of the heedless.’” (3)

Aishah said to him, “But you are not like that.” Masruq said: “I asked her, ‘Why do you allow him to enter upon you when Allah Most High has said, “But whoever took upon himself the greatest share of it among them will have a tremendous punishment”?’ She replied, ‘What punishment could be more severe than blindness?’” (4) She also said, “He used to defend—or satirize on behalf of—the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him” (5).

It is also narrated that the Prophet, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, ordered that those who had accused Aishah be given the prescribed punishment, and they were all flogged eighty lashes each (6).

“Why, when you heard it, did the believing men and believing women not think well of one another and say, ‘This is a clear slander’?” (12)

His saying, “Why”: that is, why did the believing men and believing women, when you heard it, not think well of themselves—that is, of their fellow believers? Al-Hasan said: concerning the people of their religion, because the believers are like a single soul. A parallel is His saying, Most High: “And do not kill

(1) See al-Bukhari, 8:450, 452; Sahih Muslim, 4:2131. (2) See Fath al-Bari, 8:461. (3) Hisan means chaste; razan means dignified and steadfast, not swayed by frivolity. Tazan means to be accused or slandered. Ribah means accusation and doubt. Ghartha means hungry, that is, she does not backbite women. Ghawafil is the plural of ghafilah: a woman whose heart is heedless of evil. (4) Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir, may Allah have mercy on him, said (3:273): “The majority hold that the one who bore the greatest share of the slander was none other than Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul—may Allah disgrace and curse him—for he is the one explicitly identified in the hadith. This was also stated by Mujahid and others. It has also been said that it was Hassan ibn Thabit, but this is an unusual view. Were it not for what occurs in Sahih al-Bukhari that may suggest mentioning this view, there would be little benefit in citing it, since he was among the Companions who possessed virtues and merits. Among his finest qualities was that he defended the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, through his poetry ...” (5) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Exegesis, chapter: “Allah makes the signs clear to you, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise,” 8:485. (6) See Fath al-Bari, 8:479; Ibn al-Qayyim, Zad al-Maad fi Hady Khayr al-Ibad, 3:263-264.

وَرَوَى الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﴿وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ﴾ قَالَتْ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيِّ بن سَلُولَ (١) ، وَالْعَذَابُ الْأَلِيمُ هُوَ النَّارُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ. وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي حَدِيثِ الْإِفْكِ قَالَتْ: ثُمَّ رَكِبْتُ وَأَخَذَ صَفْوَانُ بِالزِّمَامِ فَمَرَرْنَا بِمَلَأٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَكَانَتْ عَادَتُهُمْ أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا مُنْتَبَذِينِ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ، رَئِيسُهُمْ: مَنْ هَذِهِ؟ قَالُوا: عَائِشَةُ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا نَجَتْ مِنْهُ وَمَا نَجَا مِنْهَا، وَقَالَ: امْرَأَةُ نَبِيِّكُمْ بَاتَتْ مَعَ رَجُلٍ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَتْ ثُمَّ جَاءَ يَقُودُ بِهَا (٢) . وَشَرَعَ فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا حَسَّانُ، وَمِسْطَحٌ، وَحَمْنَةُ، فَهَمَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا كِبْرَهُ. وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: هُوَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ وَعِنْدَهَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يُنْشِدُ شِعْرًا يُشَبِّبُ بِأَبْيَاتٍ لَهُ، وَقَالَ: حَصَانٌ رَزَانٌ مَا تُزَنُّ بِرِيبَةٍ ... وَتُصْبِحُ غَرْثَى مِنْ لُحُومِ الْغَوَافِلِ (٣) فَقَالَتْ لَهُ عَائِشَةُ: لَكِنَّكَ لَسْتَ كَذَلِكَ، قَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: لِمَ تَأْذَنِينَ لَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْكِ وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾ قَالَتْ: وَأَيُّ عَذَابٍ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْعَمَى (٤) ، وَقَالَتْ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ يُنَافِحُ أَوْ يُهَاجِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ (٥) . وَيُرْوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِالَّذِينِ رَمَوْا عَائِشَةَ فَجُلِدُوا الْحَدَّ جَمِيعًا ثَمَانِينَ ثَمَانِينَ (٦) . ﴿لَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَيْرًا وَقَالُوا هَذَا إِفْكٌ مُبِينٌ (١٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿لَوْلَا﴾ هَلَّا ﴿إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ بِإِخْوَانِهِمْ ﴿خَيْرًا﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: بِأَهْلِ دِينِهِمْ لِأَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كَنَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، نَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا

(١) انظر: البخاري ٨ / ٤٥٠، ٤٥٢، صحيح مسلم: ٤ / ٢١٣١. (٢) انظر: فتح الباري ٨ / ٤٦١. (٣) الحصان: العفيفة، والرزان: الرزينة الثابتة التي لا يستخفها الطيش. وتزن: ترمى وتتهم. والريبة: التهمة والشك. وغرثى: جائعة، يريد لا تغتاب النساء، والغوافل: جمع غافلة، وهي التي غفل قلبها عن الشر. (٤) قال الحافظ ابن كثير ﵀ (٣ / ٢٧٣) : "ثم الأكثرون على أن المراد بذلك -الذي تولى كبر الإفك- إنما هو عبد الله بن أبي بن سلول -قبحه الله تعالى ولعنه- وهو الذي تقدم النص عليه في الحديث. وقال ذلك: مجاهد وغير واحد. وقيل: بل المراد به حسان بن ثابت، وهو قول غريب، ولولا أنه وقع في صحيح البخاري ما قد يدل على إيراد ذلك لما كان لإيراده كبير فائدة فإنه من الصحابة الذين لهم فضائل ومناقب، وأحسن مآثره أنه كان يذب عن رسول الله ﷺ بشعره ... ". (٥) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير، باب: "ويبين الله لكم الآيات والله عليم حكيم" ٨ / ٤٨٥. (٦) انظر: فتح الباري: ٨ / ٤٧٩، زاد المعاد في هدي خير العباد، لابن القيم: ٣ / ٢٦٣-٢٦٤.