Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/13)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had described, thereby confirming ‘Uwaymir’s claim. Thereafter, the child was ascribed to his mother.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Na‘imi informed us; Ahmad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; Muhammad ibn Bashshar informed us; Ibn Abi ‘Adi informed us, from Hisham ibn Hassan; ‘Ikrimah informed us, from Ibn Abbas, that Hilal ibn Umayyah accused his wife before the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, of committing adultery with Sharik ibn Sahma’. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Either produce evidence, or you will receive the prescribed punishment on your back.”

He said, “O Messenger of Allah, if one of us sees a man with his wife, is he to go off in search of evidence?” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, kept saying, “Evidence—or else the prescribed punishment on your back.” Hilal said, “By Him who sent you with the truth, I am certainly telling the truth, and Allah will surely send down that which clears my back of the prescribed punishment.”

Then Gabriel descended and revealed to him: “And those who accuse their wives...” He recited until he reached, “if he is telling the truth.” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, then left and sent for them both. Hilal came and gave his testimony, while the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Allah knows that one of you is lying. So will either of you repent?”

Then she stood and gave her testimony. When she came to the fifth oath, they stopped her and said, “It is decisive.” Ibn Abbas said: She hesitated and drew back, until we thought that she would withdraw. Then she said, “I will not disgrace my people for the rest of time,” and proceeded. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Watch her: if she gives birth to a child with very dark eyes, full buttocks, and thick calves, then he belongs to Sharik ibn Sahma’.” She gave birth to him with those features, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Had it not been for what has already been decreed in the Book of Allah, there would have been a serious matter between her and me.” (5)

‘Ikrimah also narrated from Ibn Abbas that when the verse was revealed, “And those who accuse chaste women...,” Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubadah said: “If I came upon some vile woman with a man between her thighs, would I not confront him until I had brought four witnesses? By Allah, I would never be able to bring four witnesses before he had finished his business and gone away. And if I were to speak of what I had seen, eighty lashes would be upon my back.”

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “O assembly of the Ansar, do you not hear what your leader has said?” They said, “Do not blame him, for he is a man of great protective jealousy. He never married any woman except a virgin, nor did he divorce any wife of his such that any one of us dared to marry her.”

Sa‘d said, “O Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you. By Allah, I know that this is from Allah and that it is the truth, but I was astonished when you informed me of it.” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Yet Allah permits no course but this.” Sa‘d said, “Allah and His Messenger have spoken the truth.”

He said: They had remained only a short while when a cousin of his, named Hilal ibn Umayyah, came from one of his gardens. He saw a man committing adultery with his wife, but waited until morning. When morning came, he went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was sitting with his Companions, and said:

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Divorce, chapter: “Mutual Imprecation in the Mosque,” 9:452-453; and by al-Musannaf in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:252. (2) Both were intensely black. (3) Having full, large buttocks. (4) Large. (5) Reported by al-Bukhari in the commentary on Surat al-Nur, chapter: “And the punishment will be averted from her if she bears witness four times by Allah that he is indeed lying,” 8:449, as well as elsewhere; and by al-Musannaf in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:259-260.

صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ تَصْدِيقِ عُوَيْمُرٍ (١) فَكَانَ بَعْدُ يُنْسَبُ إِلَى أُمِّهِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ هِلَالَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "الْبَيِّنَةُ أَوْ حَدٌّ فِي ظَهْرِكَ"، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذَا رَأَى أَحَدُنَا عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا يَنْطَلِقُ يَلْتَمِسُ الْبَيِّنَةَ؟ فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "الْبَيِّنَةُ وَإِلَّا حَدٌّ فِي ظَهْرِكَ"، فَقَالَ هِلَالٌ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ إِنِّي لَصَادِقٌ، وَلَيُنْزِلَنَّ اللَّهُ مَا يُبَرِّئُ ظَهْرِي مِنَ الْحَدِّ، فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ﴾ فَقَرَأَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ ﴿إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ﴾ فَانْصَرَفَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا، فَجَاءَ هِلَالٌ فَشَهِدَ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمَا كَاذِبٌ، فَهَلْ مِنْكُمَا تَائِبٌ"؟ ثُمَّ قَامَتْ فَشَهِدَتْ فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ وَقَفُوهَا وَقَالُوا إِنَّهَا مُوجِبَةٌ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَتَلَكَّأَتْ وَنَكَصَتْ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهَا تَرْجِعُ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: لَا أَفْضَحُ قَوْمِيَ سَائِرَ الْيَوْمِ، فَمَضَتْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "أَبْصِرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَكْحَلَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ (٢) ، سَابِغَ الْإِلْيَتَيْنِ (٣) ، خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ (٤) ، فَهُوَ لِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ"، فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ كَذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "لَوْلَا مَا مَضَى مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لَكَانَ لِي وَلَهَا شَأْنٌ" (٥) . وَرَوَى عِكْرِمَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: قَالَ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ﴾ الْآيَةَ. قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ: لَوْ أَتَيْتُ لَكَاعَ وَقَدْ تَفَخَّذَهَا رَجُلٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي أُهَيِّجُهُ حَتَّى آتِيَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا كُنْتُ لَآتِي بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ وَيَذْهَبَ، وَإِنْ قُلْتُ مَا رَأَيْتُ إِنَّ فِي ظَهْرِي لَثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَلَّا تَسْمَعُونَ مَا قَالَ سَيِّدُكُمْ"؟ قَالُوا: لَا تَلُمْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ غَيُورٌ، مَا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً قَطُّ إِلَّا بِكْرًا، وَلَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَةً لَهُ فَاجْتَرَأَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُ أَنَّهَا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَأَنَّهَا حَقٌّ وَلَكِنْ عَجِبْتُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا أَخْبَرْتُكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْبَى إِلَّا ذَلِكَ"، فَقَالَ صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، قَالَ: فَلَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى جَاءَ ابْنُ عَمٍّ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ هِلَالُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ مِنْ حَدِيقَةٍ لَهُ، فَرَأَى رَجُلًا مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ يَزْنِي بِهَا، فَأَمْسَكَ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَالَ:

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الطلاق، باب: التلاعن في المسجد: ٩ / ٤٥٢-٤٥٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ٢٥٢. (٢) شديد سوادهما. (٣) تام الإليتين، عظيمهما. (٤) عظيمهما. (٥) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير سورة النور، باب: "ويدرأ عنها العذاب أن تشهد أربع شهادات بالله إنه لمن الكاذبين" ٨ / ٤٤٩ وفي مواضع أخرى، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ٢٥٩-٢٦٠.