Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/427)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Rather, We have brought them the truth, but they are certainly liars. (90) Allah has not taken a son, nor has there ever been any deity alongside Him. Otherwise, every deity would have taken away what it had created, and some of them would have sought to overcome others. Glory be to Allah above what they describe—(91) Knower of the unseen and the seen! Exalted is He above what they associate with Him. (92) Say, ‘My Lord, if You should show me what they are promised, (93) then, my Lord, do not place me among the wrongdoing people.’ (94) Indeed, We are surely able to show you what We promise them. (95) Repel evil with what is best. We know best what they describe. (96)”

“They will say, ‘To Allah.’ Say, ‘How then are you deluded?’” That is, how are you deceived and turned away from affirming His oneness and obeying Him? The meaning is: How can the truth be made to appear to you as falsehood?

“Rather, We have brought them the truth”: that is, with truth. “But they are certainly liars” in their claim that He has a partner ⦗33/A⦘. “Allah has not taken a son, nor has there ever been any deity alongside Him”: that is, any partner. “Otherwise, every deity would have taken away what it had created”: that is, each would have held exclusive possession of what it created, unwilling for its creation and blessings to be attributed to another; and each would have prevented the other deity from gaining control over what it had created. “And some of them would have sought to overcome others”: that is, some would have sought to overpower others, just as the kings of this world do among themselves. Then He declared Himself far above this, saying, “Glory be to Allah above what they describe.”

“Knower of the unseen and the seen.” The readers of Medina and Kufa, other than Hafs, recited ʿālimu (“Knower”) with the final mīm in the nominative, as a new subject; the others recited it with the genitive ending, as an adjectival qualification of Allah in the phrase, “Glory be to Allah.” “Exalted is He above what they associate with Him”: that is, He is far too great for what they associate with Him. Its meaning is that He is too great to be described in this manner.

His saying, “Say, ‘My Lord, if You should show me’”: that is, if You show me “what they are promised,” meaning the punishment You have promised them. “My Lord”: that is, O my Lord. “Then do not place me among the wrongdoing people”: that is, do not destroy me along with their destruction. “Indeed, We are surely able to show you what We promise them”: namely, the punishment promised to them.

“Repel evil with what is best”: that is, repel it with the best quality—pardon, turning away, and patience. “Evil” means their harm. He commanded them to endure the harm of the polytheists patiently and to refrain from fighting them; this was abrogated by the Verse of the Sword (1). “We know best what they describe”: they lie and utter words of polytheism.

(1) It has been mentioned in more than one place that scholars held that many verses enjoining patience, peaceful forbearance, and kindness were abrogated by the Verse of the Sword. The correct view, however, is that there is no abrogation in this matter. See above, 3:32-33.

﴿بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ (٩٠) مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِنْ وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَهٍ إِذًا لَذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَهٍ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ (٩١) عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ (٩٢) قُلْ رَبِّ إِمَّا تُرِيَنِّي مَا يُوعَدُونَ (٩٣) رَبِّ فَلَا تَجْعَلْنِي فِي الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ (٩٤) وَإِنَّا عَلَى أَنْ نُرِيَكَ مَا نَعِدُهُمْ لَقَادِرُونَ (٩٥) ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ السَّيِّئَةَ نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَصِفُونَ (٩٦) ﴾ ﴿سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ قُلْ فَأَنَّى تُسْحَرُونَ﴾ أَيْ: تُخْدَعُونَ وَتُصْرَفُونَ عَنْ تَوْحِيدِهِ وَطَاعَتِهِ، وَالْمَعْنَى: كَيْفَ يُخَيَّلُ لَكُمُ الْحَقُّ بَاطِلًا؟ ﴿بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ﴾ بِالصِّدْقِ ﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ﴾ فِيمَا يَدَّعُونَ من الشريك ٣٣/أ ﴿مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِنْ وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَهٍ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ شَرِيكٍ، ﴿إِذًا لَذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَهٍ بِمَا خَلَقَ﴾ أَيْ: تَفَرَّدَ بِمَا خَلَقَهُ فَلَمْ يَرْضَ أَنْ يُضَافَ خَلْقُهُ وَإِنْعَامُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَمَنَعَ الْإِلَهَ الْآخَرَ مِنَ الِاسْتِيلَاءِ عَلَى مَا خَلَقَ. ﴿وَلَعَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ﴾ أَيْ: طَلَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ مُغَالَبَةَ بَعْضٍ كَفِعْلِ مُلُوكِ الدُّنْيَا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ، ثُمَّ نَزَّهَ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ: ﴿سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ﴾ ﴿عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالْكُوفَةِ غَيْرَ حَفْصٍ: "عَالِمُ" بِرَفْعِ الْمِيمِ عَلَى الِابْتِدَاءِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِجَرِّهَا عَلَى نَعْتِ اللَّهِ فِي سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، ﴿فَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ﴾ أَيْ: تَعَظَّمَ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ، وَمَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يُوصَفَ بِهَذَا الْوَصْفِ. قَوْلُهُ: ﴿قُلْ رَبِّ إِمَّا تُرِيَنِّي﴾ أَيْ: إِنْ أَرَيْتَنِي، ﴿مَا يُوعَدُونَ﴾ أَيْ: مَا أَوْعَدْتَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ. ﴿رَبِّ﴾ أَيْ: يَا رَبِّ، ﴿فَلَا تَجْعَلْنِي فِي الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ أَيْ: لَا تُهْلِكْنِي بِهَلَاكِهِمْ. ﴿وَإِنَّا عَلَى أَنْ نُرِيَكَ مَا نَعِدُهُمْ﴾ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ لَهُمْ، ﴿لَقَادِرُونَ﴾ ﴿ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾ أَيْ: ادْفَعْ بِالْخَلَّةِ الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ، هِيَ الصَّفْحُ وَالْإِعْرَاضُ وَالصَّبْرُ، ﴿السَّيِّئَةَ﴾ يَعْنِي أَذَاهُمْ، أَمَرَهُمْ بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى أَذَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَالْكَفِّ عَنِ الْمُقَاتَلَةِ، نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ السَّيْفِ (١) ﴿نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَصِفُونَ﴾ يَكْذِبُونَ وَيَقُولُونَ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ.

(١) تقدم في أكثر من موضع أن العلماء توسعوا في نسخ كثير من أيات الصبر والمسالمة والحسنى بآية السيف، والحق أنه لا نسخ في هذا انظر فيما سبق: ٣ / ٣٢ - ٣٣.