Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/415)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Allah has made in this tree both a condiment and oil: the condiment is the olive, and the oil is olive oil. He also said: “Mount Sinai was singled out for the olive tree because the first olive tree sprang forth there.” It is also said that the olive was the first tree to grow on earth after the Flood.

“And indeed, in livestock there is a lesson for you: We give you to drink from what is in their bellies, and in them are many benefits for you, and from them you eat. (21) And upon them and upon ships you are carried. (22) And We certainly sent Noah to his people, and he said, ‘My people, worship Allah; you have no god other than Him. Will you not fear Him?’ (23) But the leading disbelievers among his people said, ‘This is only a human being like yourselves, who seeks to gain superiority over you. Had Allah willed, He would have sent down angels. We have never heard of this among our forefathers of old. (24) He is only a man afflicted by madness, so wait concerning him for a while.’ (25) He said, ‘My Lord, help me against them, for they have called me a liar.’” (26)

His saying, Most High: “And indeed, in livestock there is a lesson for you”—that is, a sign from which you may take admonition. “We give you to drink”: Nafi read it with the letter nun, pronounced with fathah (1), while Abu Jafar read it here with the letter ta, pronounced with fathah.

“From what is in their bellies, and in them are many benefits for you, and from them you eat. And upon them and upon ships you are carried”—that is, upon camels on land and upon ships at sea.

His saying, Most High: “And We certainly sent Noah to his people, and he said, ‘My people, worship Allah’”—that is, affirm His oneness. “You have no god other than Him”—no object of worship besides Him. “Will you not fear Him?”—will you not fear His punishment if you worship another besides Him?

“But the leading disbelievers among his people said, ‘This is only a human being like yourselves, who seeks to gain superiority over you’”—that is, he seeks to exalt himself over you, so that he will become the one followed while you become his followers. “Had Allah willed”—that none besides Him should be worshipped—“He would have sent down angels,” meaning, to convey the revelation. “We have never heard of this”—of what Noah is calling us to—“among our forefathers of old.” It was also said that it means: We have never heard of a human being being sent as a messenger.

“He is only a man afflicted by madness”—that is, insanity—“so wait concerning him for a while”: that is, until he dies, and you will be rid of him.

“He said, ‘My Lord, help me against them, for they have called me a liar’”—that is, aid me by destroying them because they have called me a liar.

(1) Omitted in manuscript B.

اللَّهُ فِي هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ أُدْمًا وَدُهْنًا، فَالْأُدُمُ: الزَّيْتُونُ، وَالدُّهْنُ: الزَّيْتُ، وَقَالَ: خَصَّ الطَّوْرُ بِالزَّيْتُونِ لِأَنَّ أَوَّلَ الزَّيْتُونِ نَبَتَ بِهَا. وَيُقَالُ: أَنَّ الزَّيْتُونَ أَوَّلُ شَجَرَةٍ نَبَتَتْ فِي الدُّنْيَا بَعْدَ الطُّوفَانِ. ﴿وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً نُسْقِيكُمْ مِمَّا فِي بُطُونِهَا وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ كَثِيرَةٌ وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ (٢١) وَعَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى الْفُلْكِ تُحْمَلُونَ (٢٢) وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ (٢٣) فَقَالَ الْمَلَأُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مَا هَذَا إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَفَضَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَنْزَلَ مَلَائِكَةً مَا سَمِعْنَا بِهَذَا فِي آبَائِنَا الْأَوَّلِينَ (٢٤) إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ بِهِ جِنَّةٌ فَتَرَبَّصُوا بِهِ حَتَّى حِينٍ (٢٥) قَالَ رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي بِمَا كَذَّبُونِ (٢٦) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً﴾ أَيْ: آيَةً تَعْتَبِرُونَ بِهَا، ﴿نُسْقِيكُمْ﴾ قَرَأَ نَافِعٌ بِالنُّونِ [وَفَتْحِهَا] (١) وَقَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ هَاهُنَا بِالتَّاءِ وَفَتْحِهَا، ﴿مِمَّا فِي بُطُونِهَا وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ كَثِيرَةٌ وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ﴾ ﴿وَعَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى الْفُلْكِ تُحْمَلُونَ﴾ أَيْ: عَلَى الْإِبِلِ فِي الْبَرِّ، وَعَلَى الْفُلْكِ فِي الْبَحْرِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ﴾ وَحِّدُوهُ، ﴿مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ﴾ مَعْبُودٍ سِوَاهُ، ﴿أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ﴾ أَفَلَا تَخَافُونَ عُقُوبَتَهُ إِذَا عَبَدْتُمْ غَيْرَهُ. ﴿فَقَالَ الْمَلَأُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مَا هَذَا إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَفَضَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: يَتَشَرَّفَ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ الْفَضْلُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَيَصِيرَ مَتْبُوعًا وَأَنْتُمْ لَهُ تَبَعٌ، ﴿وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ﴾ أَنْ لَا يُعْبَدَ سِوَاهُ، ﴿لَأَنْزَلَ مَلَائِكَةً﴾ يَعْنِي بِإِبْلَاغِ الْوَحْيِ. ﴿مَا سَمِعْنَا بِهَذَا﴾ الَّذِي يَدْعُونَا إِلَيْهِ نُوحٌ ﴿فِي آبَائِنَا الْأَوَّلِينَ﴾ وَقِيلَ: "مَا سَمِعْنَا بِهَذَا" أَيْ: بِإِرْسَالِ بَشَرٍ رَسُولًا. ﴿إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ بِهِ جِنَّةٌ﴾ أَيْ: جُنُونٌ، ﴿فَتَرَبَّصُوا بِهِ حَتَّى حِينٍ﴾ أَيْ: إِلَى أَنْ يَمُوتَ فَتَسْتَرِيحُوا مِنْهُ. ﴿قَالَ رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي بِمَا كَذَّبُونِ﴾ أَيْ: أَعِنِّي بِإِهْلَاكِهِمْ لِتَكْذِيبِهِمْ إِيَّايَ.

(١) ساقط من "ب".