Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/411)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It is narrated from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There is none among you who does not have two dwellings: a dwelling in Paradise and a dwelling in the Fire. If he dies and enters the Fire, the people of Paradise inherit his dwelling.” (1) This is the meaning of His saying, exalted is He: “Those are the inheritors.”

Mujahid said: “Each person has a dwelling in Paradise and a dwelling in the Fire. As for the believer, he builds the dwelling that belongs to him in Paradise and demolishes the dwelling that belongs to him in the Fire. As for the disbeliever, he demolishes the dwelling that belongs to him in Paradise and builds the dwelling that belongs to him in the Fire.”

Some said that inheritance here means that their ultimate destination is Paradise and that they attain it, just as an inheritance ultimately passes to its heir.

“Those who will inherit Firdaws, in which they will abide forever. And indeed We created humankind from an extract of clay. Then We made him a drop of fluid in a secure resting place.” (11–13)

His saying, exalted is He, “Those who will inherit Firdaws”: Firdaws is the highest level of Paradise, as we have mentioned in Surat al-Kahf. (2) “In which they will abide forever”: they will neither die nor leave it. It is related in a hadith: “Allah, exalted is He, created three things with His Hand: He created Adam with His Hand, wrote the Torah with His Hand, and planted Firdaws with His Hand. Then He said: ‘By My might, no habitual wine-drinker and no man who tolerates sexual immorality in his household shall enter it.’” (3)

His saying, glorified and exalted is He, “And indeed We created humankind”: that is, the descendants of Adam. The term “humankind” is a generic noun that may refer to either one person or many. “From an extract”: Ibn Abbas is reported to have said, “The extract is the purest part of the water.” Mujahid said: “From the children of Adam.” Ikrimah said: “It is emitted from the loins.” The Arabs call the drop of fluid an extract, and they call a child an offspring or an extract, because both are drawn forth from it.

His saying, “From clay”: that is, Adam’s clay. The extract originated from the clay from which Adam was created. Al-Kalbi said: “From a drop of fluid extracted from clay, and the clay is Adam, peace be upon him.” It was also said that what is meant by “humankind” is Adam. His saying, “from an extract,” means: extracted from every kind of soil. “Then We made him a drop of fluid”: that is, We made the human being a drop of fluid, “in a secure resting place”—a protected place, namely the womb, which has been prepared (4) for it to remain therein until it reaches its appointed term.

(1) Reported by Ibn Majah in al-Zuhd, chapter: “Description of Paradise,” 2:1453, no. 4341. He said in al-Zawa'id: “This chain of transmission is sound according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs.” (2) See above, the commentary on Surat al-Kahf. (3) Reported by al-Bayhaqi in al-Asma' wa al-Sifat, 2:47, as a mursal report. He indicated that it was weak, saying: “This is mursal; and, if established, it indicates that ‘writing’ here means creation.” It is also attributed in Kanz al-Ummal, 6:131, to al-Khara'iti in Masawi' al-Akhlaq and to al-Daylami in al-Firdaws. (4) Omitted from manuscript “A.”

وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَلَهُ مَنْزِلَانِ مَنْزِلٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَمَنْزِلٌ فِي النَّارِ، فَإِنْ مَاتَ وَدَخَلَ النَّارَ وِرْثَ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ مَنْزِلَهُ" (١) وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْوَارِثُونَ﴾ وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مَنْزِلٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَمَنْزِلٌ فِي النَّارِ، فَأَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنُ فَيَبْنِي مَنْزِلَهُ الَّذِي لَهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَيَهْدِمُ مَنْزِلَهُ الَّذِي لَهُ فِي النَّارِ، وَأَمَّا الْكَافِرُ فَيَهْدِمُ مَنْزِلَهُ الَّذِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَيَبْنِي مَنْزِلَهُ الَّذِي فِي النَّارِ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: مَعْنَى الْوِرَاثَةِ هُوَ أَنَّهُ يَئُولُ أَمْرُهُمْ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَيَنَالُونَهَا، كَمَا يَئُولُ أَمْرُ الْمِيرَاثِ إِلَى الْوَارِثِ. ﴿الَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (١١) وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ سُلَالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ (١٢) ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاهُ نُطْفَةً فِي قَرَارٍ مَكِينٍ (١٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ﴾ وَهُوَ أَعْلَى الْجَنَّةِ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي سُورَةِ الْكَهْفِ (٢) ﴿هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ﴾ لَا يَمُوتُونَ وَلَا يَخْرُجُونَ، وَجَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: "أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْيَاءَ بِيَدِهِ: خَلَقَ آدَمَ بِيَدِهِ، وَكَتَبَ التَّوْرَاةَ بِيَدِهِ، وَغَرَسَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ بِيَدِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَعِزَّتِي لَا يَدْخُلُهَا مُدْمِنُ خَمْرٍ، وَلَا دَيُّوثٌ" (٣) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ﴾ يَعْنِي: وَلَدَ آدَمَ، وَ"الْإِنْسَانُ" اسْمُ الْجِنْسِ، يَقَعُ عَلَى الْوَاحِدِ وَالْجَمْعِ، ﴿مِنْ سُلَالَةٍ﴾ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: السُّلَالَةُ صَفْوَةُ الْمَاءِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: هُوَ يُسِيلُ مِنَ الظَّهْرِ، وَالْعَرَبُ تُسَمِّي النُّطْفَةَ سُلَالَةً، وَالْوَلَدَ سَلِيلًا وَسُلَالَةً، لِأَنَّهُمَا مَسْلُولَانِ مِنْهُ. قَوْلُهُ: ﴿مِنْ طِينٍ﴾ يَعْنِي: طِينَ آدَمَ. وَالسُّلَالَةُ تَوَلَّدَتْ مِنْ طِينٍ خُلِقَ آدَمُ مِنْهُ. قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ سُلَّتْ مِنْ طِينٍ، وَالطِّينُ آدَمُ ﵇، وَقِيلَ الْمُرَادُ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ هُوَ آدَمُ. وَقَوْلُهُ: "مِنْ سُلَالَةٍ: أَيْ: سُلَّ مِنْ كُلِّ تُرْبَةٍ. ﴿ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاهُ نُطْفَةً﴾ يَعْنِي الَّذِي هُوَ الْإِنْسَانُ جَعَلْنَاهُ نُطْفَةً، ﴿فِي قَرَارٍ مَكِينٍ﴾ حَرِيزٍ، وَهُوَ الرَّحِمُ مُكّن [أَيْ قَدْ هُيِّئَ] (٤) لِاسْتِقْرَارِهَا فِيهِ إِلَى بُلُوغِ أَمَدِهَا.

(١) أخرجه ابن ماجه في الزهد، باب: صفة الجنة: ٢ / ١٤٥٣ برقم (٤٣٤١) وقال: في الزوائد، هذا إسناد صحيح على شرط الشيخين. (٢) راجع فيما سبق، تفسير سورة الكهف. (٣) أخرجه البيهقي في الأسماء والصفات: ٢ / ٤٧ مرسلا وأشار إلى تضعيفه بقوله: "هذا مرسل، وفيه إن ثبت دلالة على أن الكتب هاهنا بمعنى الخلق"، وعزاه في الكنز أيضا (٦ / ١٣١) للخرائطي في مساوئ الأخلاق وللديلمي في الفردوس. (٤) ساقط من "أ".