Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/409)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Ali ibn Abd Allah informed us; Yahya ibn Said informed us; Ibn Abi Arubah informed us; Qatadah informed us that Anas ibn Malik narrated to them, saying: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “What is the matter with people who raise their eyes toward the sky during their prayer?” He spoke so sternly about this that he finally said: “They must cease doing so, or their sight will surely be snatched away.” (1)

Ata said: It means that you do not fidget with any part of your body during the prayer. It is related that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, saw a man playing with his beard during the prayer and said: “Had this man’s heart been humble, his limbs would have been humble as well.” (2)

Abu Uthman al-Dabbi informed us; Abu Muhammad al-Jarahi informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Mahbubi informed us; Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi informed us; Said informed us, from Abd al-Rahman al-Makhzumi; Sufyan ibn Uyaynah informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Abu al-Ahwas, from Abu Dharr, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “When one of you stands to pray, let him not smooth the pebbles, for mercy is before him.” (3)

It has also been said that reverent humility in prayer means concentrating one’s resolve, turning away from everything besides it, and reflecting upon the Quranic recitation and remembrance that pass over one’s tongue.

“And those who turn away from idle talk, and those who give zakat.” (3–4)

His saying, exalted is He, “And those who turn away from idle talk”: Ata narrated from Ibn Abbas that this means turning away from associating partners with Allah. Al-Hasan said: “From sins.” Al-Zajjaj said: “From every form of falsehood, frivolity, and every word or deed that is unlawful.” It has also been said that it means responding to the unbelievers’ insults and abuse in kind. Allah, exalted is He, says: “When they pass by idle talk, they pass by with dignity” (al-Furqan 25:72)—that is, when they hear vile speech, they deem themselves too noble to engage in it.

“And those who give zakat”: that is, they discharge the obligatory zakat. Its payment is expressed here as an act because it is indeed an act. It has also been said that zakat here means righteous deeds; that is, those who perform righteous deeds.

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Forgetfulness, chapter: Raising one's gaze to the sky during the prayer, 2:233; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 3:258. (2) Al-Manawi said in al-Fath al-Samawi, 2:854: “It was recorded by al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi in Nawadir al-Usul, through a weak chain, from the hadith of Abu Hurayrah. Its chain includes Sulayman ibn Amr, Abu Dawud al-Nakhai, one of those accused of fabricating hadith.” See also: Irwa al-Ghalil, 2:92–93; Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Daifah, 1:143–144. (3) Recorded by Abu Dawud in the Book of Prayer, chapter: Wiping pebbles during the prayer, 1:443; al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Prayer, chapter: What has been related concerning the disapproval of wiping pebbles during the prayer, 2:382; al-Nasai in the Book of Forgetfulness, chapter: The prohibition of wiping pebbles during the prayer, 3:6; Ibn Majah in the Book of Establishing the Prayer, chapter: Wiping pebbles, no. 1027, 1:328; Ibn Hibban in the Book of Prayer Times, chapter: Matters prohibited during the prayer, p. 131 of Mawarid al-Zaman; Imam Ahmad, 5:150; and the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 3:158.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُرُوبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا قَتَادَةُ أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَرْفَعُونَ أَبْصَارَهُمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ"، فَاشْتَدَّ قَوْلُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَالَ: "لَيَنْتَهُنَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ لَتُخْطَفَنَّ أَبْصَارُهُمْ" (١) . وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: هُوَ أَنْ لَا تَعْبَثَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ جَسَدِكَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَبْصَرَ رَجُلًا يَعْبَثُ بِلِحْيَتِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ: "لَوْ خَشَعَ قَلْبُ هَذَا لَخَشَعَتْ جَوَارِحُهُ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الضَّبِّيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْجِرَاحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِذَا قَامَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَلَا يَمْسَحِ الْحَصَى فَإِنَّ الرَّحْمَةَ تُوَاجِهُهُ" (٣) . وَقِيلَ: الْخُشُوعُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ هُوَ جَمْعُ الْهِمَّةِ، وَالْإِعْرَاضُ عَمَّا سِوَاهَا، وَالتَّدَبُّرُ فِيمَا يَجْرِي عَلَى لِسَانِهِ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ وَالذِّكْرِ. ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ (٣) وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِلزَّكَاةِ فَاعِلُونَ (٤) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: عَنِ الشِّرْكِ، وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: عَنِ الْمَعَاصِي. وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: عَنْ كُلِّ بَاطِلٍ وَلَهْوٍ وَمَا لَا يَحِلُّ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَالْفِعْلِ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ مُعَارَضَةُ الْكَفَّارِ بِالشَّتْمِ وَالسَّبِّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا" (الفُرْقَانِ -٧٢) ، أَيْ: إِذَا سَمِعُوا الْكَلَامَ الْقَبِيحَ أَكْرَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ عَنِ الدُّخُولِ فِيهِ. ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِلزَّكَاةِ فَاعِلُونَ﴾ أَيْ: لِلزَّكَاةِ الْوَاجِبَةِ مُؤَدُّونَ، فَعَبَّرَ عَنِ التَّأْدِيَةِ بِالْفِعْلِ لِأَنَّهَا فِعْلٌ. وَقِيلَ: الزَّكَاةُ هَاهُنَا هُوَ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ، أَيْ: وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِلْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ فَاعِلُونَ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في السهو، باب: رفع البصر إلى السماء في الصلاة: ٢ / ٢٣٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٣ / ٢٥٨. (٢) قال المناوي في "الفتح السماوي" (٢ / ٨٥٤) : أخرجه الحكيم الترمذي في نوادر الأصول بسند ضعيف من حديث أبي هريرة، وفيه سليمان بن عمرو وهو أبو داود النخعي أحد من اتهم بوضع الحديث. وانظر: إرواء الغليل: ٢ / ٩٢ - ٩٣، سلسلة الأحاديث الضعيفة: ١ / ١٤٣ - ١٤٤. (٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الصلاة، باب: مسح الحصى في الصلاة: ١ / ٤٤٣، والترمذي في الصلاة، باب: ما جاء في كراهية مسح الحصى في الصلاة: ٢ / ٣٨٢، والنسائي في السهو، باب: النهي عن مسح الحصى في الصلاة: ٣ / ٦، وابن ماجه في الإقامة، باب: مسح الحصى برقم: (١٠٢٧) ١ / ٣٢٨، وابن حبان في المواقيت، باب: فيما ينهى عنه في الصلاة ص ١٣١ من موارد الظمآن، والإمام أحمد: ٥ / ١٥٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٣ / ١٥٨.