Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/404)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

are their mothers” (al-Ahzab 33:6). The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “I am to you like a father [to his child].” (1) (2)

“He has named you Muslims”: that is, Allah, exalted is He, named you “Muslims before,” meaning before the revelation of the Quran, in the earlier scriptures, “and in this,” that is, in this Book. This is the view of most Quranic commentators.

Ibn Zayd said: “He” refers to Abraham; that is, Abraham named you Muslims in his own time, before this time and in this time. This is indicated by his saying: “Our Lord, make us Muslims in submission to You, and from our descendants a community Muslim in submission to You” (al-Baqarah 2:127).

“So that the Messenger may be a witness over you” on the Day of Resurrection, that he conveyed the message to you, “and so that you may be witnesses over mankind,” that their messengers conveyed the message to them.

“So establish the prayer, give zakah, and hold fast to Allah,” that is, place your trust in Allah and rely upon Him. Al-Hasan said: Hold fast to the religion of Allah. It is related from Ibn Abbas that he said: Ask your Lord to protect you from everything He dislikes. (3) It was also said: Its meaning is: Call upon Him to keep you firm upon His religion. It was also said: Holding fast to Allah means adhering to the Book and the sunnah.

“He is your Protector,” [your guardian] (4), your Helper, and your Preserver. “How excellent a Protector and how excellent a Helper”—a Helper for you.

(1) Added from manuscript “B.” (2) Part of a hadith recorded by Abu Dawud in the Book of Purification, chapter: The Dislike of Facing the Qiblah When Relieving Oneself, 1:18, with the wording: “I am to you as a father.” It was also recorded by al-Nasai in the Book of Purification, chapter: The Prohibition of Cleaning Oneself with Dung, 1:38; Ibn Majah in the Book of Purification, chapter: Cleaning Oneself with Stones and the Prohibition of Using Dung and Bones, 1:114, no. 313; al-Darimi, 11:172-173; Ibn Hibban, no. 128, p. 62, who authenticated it; Ibn Khuzaymah, 1:44; al-Shafii, 1:28; and the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:356, who said: “This is an authentic hadith.” (3) See Zad al-Masir, 5:457. (4) Omitted from manuscript “B.”

أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ﴾ (الْأَحْزَابِ: ٦) ، وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "إِنَّمَا أَنَا لَكُمْ مِثْلُ الْوَالِدِ [لِوَالِدِهِ] (١) " (٢) . ﴿هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ﴾ يَعْنِي أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى سَمَّاكُمُ ﴿الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ يَعْنِي مِنْ قَبْلِ نُزُولِ الْقُرْآنِ فِي الْكُتُبِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ. ﴿وَفِي هَذَا﴾ أَيْ: فِي الْكِتَابِ، هَذَا قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ: "هُوَ" يَرْجِعُ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَيْ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي أَيَّامِهِ، مِنْ قَبْلِ هَذَا الْوَقْتِ، وَفِي هَذَا الْوَقْتِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿رَبَّنَا وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُسْلِمَةً لَكَ﴾ (البَقَرَةِ: ١٢٧) ، ﴿لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيدًا عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَنْ قَدْ بَلَّغَكُمْ، ﴿وَتَكُونُوا﴾ أَنْتُمْ، ﴿شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ﴾ أَنَّ رُسُلَهُمْ قَدْ بَلَّغَتْهُمْ، ﴿فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِاللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ: ثِقُوا بِاللَّهِ وَتَوَكَّلُوا عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: تَمَسَّكُوا بِدِينِ اللَّهِ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: سَلُوا رَبَّكُمْ أَنْ يَعْصِمَكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا يَكْرَهُ (٣) . وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ ادْعُوهُ لِيُثَبِّتَكُمْ عَلَى دِينِهِ. وَقِيلَ: الِاعْتِصَامُ بِاللَّهِ هُوَ التَّمَسُّكُ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسَّنَةِ، ﴿هُوَ مَوْلَاكُمْ﴾ [وَلِيُّكُمْ] (٤) وَنَاصِرُكُمْ وَحَافِظُكُمْ، ﴿فَنِعْمَ الْمَوْلَى وَنِعْمَ النَّصِيرُ﴾ النَّاصِرُ لَكُمْ.

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) قطعة من حديث أخرجه أبو داود في الطهارة، باب: كراهية استقبال القبلة عند قضاء الحاجة: ١ / ١٨ بلفظ: (إنما أنا لكم بمنزلة الوالد) ، والنسائي في الطهارة، باب: النهي عن الاستطابة بالروث: ١ / ٣٨، وابن ماجه في الطهارة، باب: الاستنجاء بالحجارة والنهي عن الروثة والرمة: ١ / ١١٤ برقم (٣١٣) ، والدارمي ١١ / ١٧٢ - ١٧٣، وصححه ابن حبان برقم (١٢٨) ص (٦٢) ، وابن خزيمة: ١ / ٤٤ والشافعي: ١ / ٢٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٣٥٦ وقال هذا حديث صحيح. (٣) انظر زاد المسير ٥ / ٤٥٧. (٤) ساقط من "ب".