Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/397)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“He will surely admit them to an entrance with which they will be pleased. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing. (59) That is so. Whoever responds to aggression with the like of that which he suffered, then is transgressed against, Allah will surely aid him. Indeed, Allah is Most Pardoning, Most Forgiving. (60) That is because Allah causes the night to enter into the day and causes the day to enter into the night, and because Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing. (61) That is because Allah is the Truth, and whatever they invoke besides Him is falsehood, and because Allah is the Most High, the Most Great. (62) Have you not seen that Allah sends down water from the sky, and then the earth becomes green? Indeed, Allah is Most Subtle, All-Aware. (63)”

“He will surely admit them to an entrance with which they will be pleased,” because therein they will have whatever the souls desire and the eyes delight in. “Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing” of their intentions, “Most Forbearing” towards them.

“That is so”: that is, this is the matter which We have related to you. “Whoever responds to aggression with the like of that which he suffered”: whoever requites the wrongdoer with the like of his wrongdoing. Al-Hasan said: this means that he fights the idolaters as they fought him. “Then is transgressed against”: that is, he is wronged by being expelled from his home—meaning the transgression which the idolaters committed against the Muslims, until they compelled them to leave their homelands.

This was revealed concerning a group of idolaters who came upon a group of Muslims when two nights of Muharram remained. The Muslims disliked fighting them and asked them to refrain from fighting because of the sacred month, but the idolaters refused and fought them. That was their transgression against the Muslims. The Muslims stood firm against them and were granted victory over them. (1) Allah Most High said: “Allah will surely aid him.” The first occurrence of “responds to aggression” carries the meaning of requital. “Indeed, Allah is Most Pardoning, Most Forgiving”: He pardons the believers’ evil deeds and forgives them their sins.

“That is”: that aid is because Allah is capable of whatever He wills. Part of His power is that “He causes the night to enter into the day and causes the day to enter into the night, and Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.”

“That is because Allah is the Truth, and whatever they invoke”: the reciters of Basra, Hamzah, al-Kisa’i, and Hafs read this in the third person, “whatever they invoke,” while the others read it in the second person, “whatever you invoke,” referring to the idolaters. “Besides Him is falsehood, and Allah is the Most High”: exalted above everything; “the Most Great”: the Magnificent, before whom everything is insignificant.

“Have you not seen that Allah sends down water from the sky, and then the earth becomes green”: with vegetation. “Indeed, Allah is Most Subtle” in providing for His servants and in bringing vegetation forth from the earth, “All-Aware” of what is in the hearts of His servants and of bringing vegetation forth from the earth when the rain has been delayed from them.

(1) Cited by al-Tabari, 17/195, without a chain of transmission; al-Suyuti, in al-Durr al-Manthur, 6/71, attributed it to Ibn Abi Hatim.

﴿لَيُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ مُدْخَلًا يَرْضَوْنَهُ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ (٥٩) ذَلِكَ وَمَنْ عَاقَبَ بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبَ بِهِ ثُمَّ بُغِيَ عَلَيْهِ لَيَنْصُرَنَّهُ اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ (٦٠) ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ (٦١) ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ هُوَ الْبَاطِلُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ (٦٢) أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَتُصْبِحُ الْأَرْضُ مُخْضَرَّةً إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ (٦٣) ﴾ ﴿لَيُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ مُدْخَلًا يَرْضَوْنَهُ﴾ لِأَنَّ لَهُمْ فِيهِ مَا تَشْتَهِي الْأَنْفُسُ وَتَلَذُّ الْأَعْيُنُ، ﴿وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَلِيمٌ﴾ بِنِيَّاتِهِمْ، ﴿حَلِيمٌ﴾ عَنْهُمْ. ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ أَيْ: الْأَمْرُ ذَلِكَ الَّذِي قَصَصْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ، ﴿وَمَنْ عَاقَبَ بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبَ بِهِ﴾ جَازَى الظَّالِمَ بِمِثْلِ ظُلْمِهِ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: يَعْنِي قَاتَلَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَمَا قَاتَلُوهُ، ﴿ثُمَّ بُغِيَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ أَيْ: ظُلِمَ بِإِخْرَاجِهِ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ يَعْنِي: مَا أَتَاهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنَ الْبَغْيِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى أَحْوَجُوهُمْ إِلَى مُفَارَقَةِ أَوْطَانِهِمْ، نَزَلَتْ فِي قَوْمٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَتَوْا قَوْمًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ بَقِيَتَا مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَكَرِهَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ قِتَالَهُمْ وَسَأَلُوهُمْ أَنْ يَكُفُّوا عَنِ الْقِتَالِ مِنْ أَجْلِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ فَأَبَى الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَقَاتَلُوهُمْ فَذَلِكَ بَغْيُهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَثَبَتَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لَهُمْ فَنُصِرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ (١) قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَيَنْصُرَنَّهُ اللَّهُ﴾ وَالْعِقَابُ الْأَوَّلُ بِمَعْنَى الْجَزَاءِ، ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ﴾ عَفَا عَنْ مَسَاوِئِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَغَفَرَ لَهُمْ ذُنُوبَهُمْ. ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ أَيْ: ذَلِكَ النَّصْرُ ﴿بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ﴾ الْقَادِرُ عَلَى مَا يَشَاءُ، فَمِنْ قُدْرَتِهِ أَنَّهُ: ﴿يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ وَحَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ وَحَفْصٌ: بِالْيَاءِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ: بِالتَّاءِ، يَعْنِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ، ﴿مِنْ دُونِهِ هُوَ الْبَاطِلُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ﴾ الْعَالِي عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، ﴿الْكَبِيرُ﴾ الْعَظِيمُ الَّذِي كَلُّ شَيْءٍ دُونَهُ. ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَتُصْبِحُ الْأَرْضُ مُخْضَرَّةً﴾ بِالنَّبَاتِ، ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ﴾ بِأَرْزَاقِ عِبَادِهِ وَاسْتِخْرَاجِ النَّبَاتِ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، ﴿خَبِيرٌ﴾ بِمَا فِي قُلُوبِ الْعِبَادِ وَاسْتِخْرَاجِ النَّبَاتِ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، إِذَا تَأَخَّرَ الْمَطَرُ عَنْهُمْ.

(١) ذكره الطبري: ١٧ / ١٩٥ بغير سند، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور ٦ / ٧١ لابن أبي حاتم.