Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/386)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

therefore submit yourselves to Him, and give glad tidings to the humble: Ibn Abbas and Qatadah said: those who are humble. Mujahid said: those who are at peace with Allah. Khabt is a low, level place in the earth. Al-Akhfash said: those who are reverently submissive. Al-Nakha'i said: those who are sincere. Al-Kalbi said: they are those whose hearts are tender. Amr ibn Aws said: they are those who do not wrong others and, when wronged, do not seek retaliation.

“Those whose hearts tremble when Allah is mentioned; who patiently endure whatever befalls them; who establish the prayer; and who give from what We have provided for them. (35) And We have made the sacrificial camels among the symbols of Allah for you; in them there is good for you. So mention the name of Allah over them as they stand in rows. Then, when they fall upon their sides, eat from them and feed the contented needy person and the one who asks. Thus have We subjected them to you, so that you may give thanks. (36)”

“Those whose hearts tremble when Allah is mentioned; who patiently endure whatever befalls them”—of trials and afflictions—“who establish the prayer,” that is, who perform the prayer at its appointed times, “and who give from what We have provided for them,” meaning that they give in charity.

His words, exalted is He, “And the sacrificial camels”: budn is the plural of badanah. It is so called because of its great size and bulk; what is meant is large camels with sound, sturdy bodies. One says that a man has become badun or badanah when he has grown large; but when he has become aged and flabby, one says that he has become badana tabdīnan. Ata and al-Suddi said: sacrificial camels include camels and cattle, whereas sheep are not called badanah.

“We have made them among the symbols of Allah for you,” meaning, among the markers of His religion. They are called symbols because they are marked: they are pierced with an iron instrument in the hump so that it may be known that they are animals dedicated for sacrifice. “In them there is good for you”: benefit in this world and reward in the Hereafter. “So mention the name of Allah over them,” when slaughtering them. “As they stand in rows,” meaning, standing on three legs, with their two hind legs and one foreleg aligned, while their left foreleg is tied; they are then slaughtered in this manner.

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Abd Allah ibn Maslamah informed us; Yazid ibn Zuray' informed us, from Yunus, from Ziyad ibn Jubayr, who said: I saw Ibn Umar come upon a man who had made a sacrificial camel kneel down in order to slaughter it. He said: “Make it stand, tethered, according to the sunnah of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.” (1)

Mujahid said: sawwāf refers to when its left leg is tied and it stands on three legs.

Ibn Mas'ud recited: “sawāfin,” meaning that one of its forelegs is tied and it is slaughtered while standing on three legs; this has the same meaning as sawāff. Ubayy, al-Hasan, and Mujahid recited: “sawāfī,” with the letter yā', meaning: pure and exclusively for Allah, with no partner sharing in them.

“Then, when they fall upon their sides,” that is, when they fall after being slaughtered and their sides come to rest upon the ground. The original meaning of wujūb is falling.

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Hajj, chapter: Slaughtering Camels While Tethered, 3/553; by Muslim in Kitab al-Hajj, chapter: Slaughtering Sacrificial Camels While Standing and Tethered, no. 1320, 2/956; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 7/198.

﴿فَلَهُ أَسْلِمُوا﴾ انْقَادُوا وَأَطِيعُوا، ﴿وَبَشِّرِ الْمُخْبِتِينَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَقَتَادَةُ: الْمُتَوَاضِعِينَ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: الْمُطْمَئِنِّينَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿، "وَالْخَبْتُ" الْمَكَانُ الْمُطْمَئِنُّ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ الْأَخْفَشُ: الْخَاشِعِينَ. وَقَالَ النَّخَعِيُّ: الْمُخْلِصِينَ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: هُمُ الرَّقِيقَةُ قُلُوبُهُمْ. وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ أَوْسٍ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ لَا يَظْلِمُونَ وَإِذَا ظُلِمُوا لَمْ يَنْتَصِرُوا. ﴿الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَالصَّابِرِينَ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَهُمْ وَالْمُقِيمِي الصَّلَاةِ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ (٣٥) وَالْبُدْنَ جَعَلْنَاهَا لَكُمْ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ فَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا صَوَافَّ فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ جُنُوبُهَا فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْقَانِعَ وَالْمُعْتَرَّ كَذَلِكَ سَخَّرْنَاهَا لَكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (٣٦) ﴾ ﴿الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَالصَّابِرِينَ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَهُمْ﴾ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ وَالْمَصَائِبِ ﴿وَالْمُقِيمِي الصَّلَاةِ﴾ أَيِ: الْمُقِيمِينَ لِلصَّلَاةِ فِي أَوْقَاتِهَا، ﴿وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ﴾ يَتَصَدَّقُونَ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالْبُدْنَ﴾ جَمْعُ بَدَنَةٍ سُمِّيَتْ بَدَنَةً لِعِظَمِهَا وَضَخَامَتِهَا، يُرِيدُ: الْإِبِلَ الْعِظَامَ الصِّحَاحَ الْأَجْسَامِ، يُقَالُ بَدَنَ الرَّجُلُ بُدْنًا وَبَدَانَةً إِذَا ضَخُمَ، فَأَمَّا إِذَا أَسَنَّ وَاسْتَرْخَى يُقَالُ بَدَنَ تَبْدِينًا. قَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: الْبُدْنُ: الْإِبِلُ وَالْبَقَرُ أَمَّا الْغَنَمُ فَلَا تُسَمَّى بَدَنَةً. ﴿جَعَلْنَاهَا لَكُمْ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ مِنْ أَعْلَامِ دِينِهِ، سُمِّيَتْ شَعَائِرَ لِأَنَّهَا تُشْعِرُ، وَهُوَ أَنْ تُطْعَنَ بِحَدِيدَةٍ فِي سَنَامِهَا فَيُعْلَمَ أَنَّهَا هَدْيٌ، ﴿لَكُمْ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ﴾ النَّفْعُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْأَجْرُ فِي الْعُقْبَى، ﴿فَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا﴾ عِنْدَ نَحْرِهَا، ﴿صَوَافَّ﴾ أَيْ: قِيَامًا عَلَى ثَلَاثِ قَوَائِمَ قَدْ صَفَّتْ رِجْلَيْهَا وَإِحْدَى يَدَيْهَا، وَيَدُهَا الْيُسْرَى مَعْقُولَةٌ فَيَنْحَرُهَا كَذَلِكَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ أَتَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ قَدْ أَنَاخَ بَدَنَةً يَنْحَرُهَا، قَالَ: ابْعَثْهَا قِيَامًا مُقَيَّدَةً سُنَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ (١) . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: الصَّوَّافُ إِذَا عُقِلَتْ رِجْلُهَا الْيُسْرَى وَقَامَتْ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ قَوَائِمَ. وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: "صَوَافِنَ" وَهِيَ أَنْ تُعْقَلَ مِنْهَا يَدٌ وَتُنْحَرَ عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ، وَهُوَ مِثْلُ صَوَافٍّ. وَقَرَأَ أُبَيٌّ وَالْحَسَنُ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: "صَوَافِي" بِالْيَاءِ أَيْ: صَافِيَةً خَالِصَةً لِلَّهِ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ فِيهَا. ﴿فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ جُنُوبُهَا﴾ أَيْ: سَقَطَتْ بَعْدَ النَّحْرِ فَوَقَعَتْ جُنُوبُهَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَأَصِلُ الْوُجُوبِ:

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الحج، باب: نحر الإبل مقيدة: ٣ / ٥٥٣، ومسلم في الحج، باب: نحر البدن قياما مقيدة، برقم (١٣٢٠) ٢ / ٩٥٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٧ / ١٩٨.