Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/383)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the acts of disobedience to Allah and that which He has forbidden; honouring them means refraining from violating them. Al-Layth said: “The sacred ordinances of Allah are those things whose violation is unlawful.” Al-Zajjaj said: “A sacred ordinance is that which must be observed and concerning which neglect is forbidden.” Others held that the sacred ordinances here refer to the rites of pilgrimage, as indicated by the verses connected with them. Ibn Zayd said: “The sacred ordinances here are the Sacred House, the Sacred Land, the sacred month, the Sacred Mosque, and the state of consecration.” (1)

“It is best for him in the sight of his Lord,” meaning: honouring the sacred ordinances is better for him with Allah in the Hereafter.

His saying, exalted is He: “And permitted to you are grazing livestock,” meaning that you may eat them after slaughtering them; they are camels, cattle, and sheep. “Except what is recited to you” as prohibited—namely His saying in Surat al-Ma’idah: “Forbidden to you are carrion and blood…” (al-Ma’idah 5:3), to the end of the verse. “So shun the abomination of idols,” that is, their worship. He is saying: keep away from them, for they are an abomination—that is, a cause of abomination, namely punishment. The word “abomination” here has the meaning of “punishment.” Al-Zajjaj said: “From” here serves to specify the class; that is, shun the idols, which are an abomination. “And shun false speech,” meaning lies and slander. Ibn Mas‘ud said: “False testimony.” It is also related that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, stood and addressed the people, saying: “O people, false testimony has been equated with associating partners with Allah.” He then recited this verse. (2)

It was also said that it refers to the words of the idolaters in their pilgrimage chant: “Here I am; You have no partner—except a partner who belongs to You: You own him and all that he owns.”

(1) See al-Tabari, 17:153. (2) Narrated by Abu Dawud in the Book of Judicial Matters, chapter: False Testimony, 5:217; al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Testimonies, 6:585, who said: “We know this hadith only through the narration of Sufyan ibn Ziyad—meaning the hadith of Khuraym ibn Fatik. They differed regarding the transmission of this hadith from Sufyan ibn Ziyad, and we do not know of Ayman ibn Khuraym having heard from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him”; Ibn Majah in the Book of Legal Rulings, chapter: False Testimony, no. 2372, 2:794; and Imam Ahmad, 4:178.

مَعَاصِي اللَّهِ وَمَا نَهَى عَنْهُ، وَتَعْظِيمُهَا تَرْكُ مُلَابَسَتِهَا. قَالَ اللَّيْثُ: حُرُمَاتُ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَحِلُّ انْتِهَاكُهَا. وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: الْحُرْمَةُ مَا وَجَبَ الْقِيَامُ بِهِ وَحَرُمَ التَّفْرِيطُ فِيهِ، وَذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى أَنَّ مَعْنَى الْحُرُمَاتِ هَاهُنَا: الْمَنَاسِكُ، بِدَلَالَةِ مَا يَتَّصِلُ بِهَا مِنَ الْآيَاتِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ: الْحُرُمَاتُ هَاهُنَا: الْبَيْتُ الْحَرَامُ، وَالْبَلَدُ الْحَرَامُ وَالشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ، وَالْمَسْجِدُ الْحَرَامُ، وَالْإِحْرَامُ (١) . ﴿فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ﴾ أَيْ: تَعْظِيمُ الْحُرُمَاتِ، خَيْرٌ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأُحِلَّتْ لَكُمُ الْأَنْعَامُ﴾ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوهَا إِذَا ذَبَحْتُمُوهَا وَهِيَ الْإِبِلُ وَالْبَقَرُ وَالْغَنَمُ، ﴿إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ تَحْرِيمُهُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ﴾ (المَائِدَةِ: ٣) ، الْآيَةَ، ﴿فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ﴾ أَيْ: عِبَادَتَهَا، يَقُولُ: كُونُوا عَلَى جَانِبٍ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّهَا رِجْسٌ، أَيْ: سَبَبُ الرِّجْسِ، وَهُوَ الْعَذَابُ، وَالرِّجْسُ: بِمَعْنَى الرِّجْزِ. وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: ﴿مِنْ﴾ هَاهُنَا لِلتَّجْنِيسِ أَيْ: اجْتَنِبُوا الْأَوْثَانَ الَّتِي هِيَ رِجْسٌ، ﴿وَاجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْكَذِبَ وَالْبُهْتَانَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ، وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَامَ خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ: "يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عَدَلَتْ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ بِالشِّرْكِ بِاللَّهِ"، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٢) . وَقِيلَ: هُوَ قَوْلُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي تَلْبِيَتِهِمْ: لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ إِلَّا شَرِيكًا هُوَ لَكَ تَمْلِكُهُ وَمَا مَلَكَ.

(١) انظر الطبري: ١٧ / ١٥٣. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في الأقضية، باب في شهادة الزور: ٥ / ٢١٧، والترمذي في الشهادات ٦ / ٥٨٥، وقال: (هذا حديث إنما نعرفه من حديث سفيان بن زياد - يعني حديث خريم بن فاتك - وقد اختلفوا في رواية هذا الحديث عن سفيان بن زياد ولا نعرف لأيمن بن خريم سماعا من النبي ﷺ . وابن ماجه في الأحكام، باب: شهادة الزور رقم (٢٣٧٢) ، ٢ / ٧٩٤، والإمام أحمد: ٤ / ١٧٨.