Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/382)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad al-Numaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Umar ibn Hafs informed us; my father narrated to us; al-A‘mash informed us; Ibrahim informed us, from al-Aswad, from Aishah, who said: Safiyyah began menstruating on the night of departure, so she said, “I fear that I shall detain you.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “May you be barren and shorn! Did she circumambulate on the Day of Sacrifice?” It was said, “Yes.” He said, “Then depart.” (1) This establishes that whoever has not performed the Tawaf al-Ifadah on the Day of Sacrifice may not depart.

The third tawaf is the Farewell Tawaf. No concession is granted to one intending to leave Mecca for a journey-distance at which prayers may be shortened: he may not depart until he has circumambulated the House seven times. Whoever omits it must offer a sacrificial expiation, except for a menstruating woman, who may omit the Farewell Tawaf.

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; 26/b Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi informed us; al-Shafii informed us; Sufyan informed us, from Sulayman al-Ahwal, from Tawus, from Ibn Abbas, who said: The people were commanded that their final act should be circumambulation of the House, except that a concession was granted to the menstruating woman. (2)

Ramal is restricted to the Tawaf of Arrival; there is no ramal in the Tawaf al-Ifadah or the Farewell Tawaf.

His saying, “the Ancient House”: They differed concerning the meaning of “Ancient.” Ibn Abbas, Ibn al-Zubayr, Mujahid, and Qatadah said: It was called Ancient because Allah has protected it from the hands of tyrants reaching it in order to destroy it; thus, no tyrant has ever prevailed over it. Sufyan ibn Uyaynah said: It was called Ancient because it has never been owned. Al-Hasan and Ibn Zayd said: It was so called because it is ancient, and it was the first House established for mankind. One says, “an ancient dinar,” meaning an old one. It was also said that it was called Ancient because Allah saved it from being drowned, for it was raised up during the days of the Flood. (3)

“That is so. And whoever honours the sacred ordinances of Allah—it is best for him in the sight of his Lord. And permitted to you are grazing livestock, except what is recited to you. So shun the abomination of idols, and shun false speech.” (30)

“That is so,” meaning: the matter is as stated—that is, what has been mentioned of the rites of Hajj. “And whoever honours the sacred ordinances of Allah,” that is:

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Hajj, chapter: Leaving al-Muhassab at night, 3:595; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 7:234. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Hajj, chapter: The Farewell Tawaf, 3:585; and by Muslim in the Book of Hajj, chapter: The obligation of the Farewell Tawaf and its waiver for menstruating women, no. 1328; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 7:232; and by al-Shafi'i in al-Musnad, 1:364. (3) Al-Tabari cites these views, 17:151-152, then states: “Each of the views we have related concerning the expression ‘the Ancient House’ has a valid basis. However, the apparent meaning more strongly supports the view of Ibn Zayd; yet the report from Ibn al-Zubayr is more likely to be correct, if the report transmitted to me by Muhammad ibn Sahl al-Bukhari is sound: Abdullah ibn Salih informed us, al-Layth informed me, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid ibn Musafir, from al-Zuhri, from Muhammad ibn Urwah, from Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘It was called the Ancient House only because Allah freed it from the tyrants, and no one has ever prevailed over it.’”

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَنِ الْأُسُودِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: حَاضَتْ صَفِيَّةُ لَيْلَةَ النَّفْرِ فَقَالَتْ: مَا أَرَانِي إِلَّا حَابِسَتُكُمْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ "عَقْرَى حَلْقَى أَطَافَتْ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ؟ قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَانْفِرِي" (١) فَثَبْتَ بِهَذَا أَنَّ مَنْ لَمْ يَطُفْ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ طَوَافَ الْإِفَاضَةِ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْفِرَ. وَالطَّوَافُ الثَّالِثُ: هُوَ طَوَافُ الْوَدَاعِ لَا رُخْصَةَ فِيهِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ مُفَارَقَةَ مَكَّةَ إِلَى مَسَافَةِ الْقَصْرِ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ سَبْعًا، فَمَنْ تَرَكَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمٌ إِلَّا الْمَرْأَةَ الْحَائِضَ يَجُوزُ لَهَا تَرْكُ طَوَافِ الْوَدَاعِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ أحمد الخلال، ٢٦/ب أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: أُمِرَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يَكُونَ آخِرُ عَهْدِهِمُ الطَّوَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رُخِّصَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الْحَائِضِ (٢) . وَالرَّمَلُ مُخْتَصٌّ بِطَوَافِ الْقُدُومِ، وَلَا رَمَلَ فِي طَوَافِ الْإِفَاضَةِ وَالْوَدَاعِ. قَوْلُهُ: ﴿بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي مَعْنَى "الْعَتِيقِ": قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَقَتَادَةُ: سُمِّيَ عَتِيقًا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ أَعْتَقَهُ مِنْ أَيْدِي الْجَبَابِرَةِ أَنْ يَصِلُوا إِلَى تَخْرِيبِهِ، فَلَمْ يَظْهَرْ عَلَيْهِ جَبَّارٌ قَطُّ. قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: سُمِّيَ عَتِيقًا لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُمْلَكْ قَطُّ، وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ: سُمِّيَ بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ قَدِيمٌ وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ، يُقَالُ: دِينَارٌ عَتِيقٌ أيْ قَدِيمٌ، وَقِيلَ: سَمِّيَ عَتِيقًا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ أَعْتَقَهُ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ، فَإِنَّهُ رُفِعَ أَيَّامَ الطُّوفَانِ (٣) . ﴿ذَلِكَ وَمَنْ يُعَظِّمْ حُرُمَاتِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ وَأُحِلَّتْ لَكُمُ الْأَنْعَامُ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ وَاجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ (٣٠) ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ أَيِ: الْأَمْرُ ذَلِكَ، يَعْنِي مَا ذُكِرَ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ الْحَجِّ، ﴿وَمَنْ يُعَظِّمْ حُرُمَاتِ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الحج، باب: الإدلاج من المحصب: ٣ / ٥٩٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٧ / ٢٣٤. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الحج، باب: طواف الوداع ٣ / ٥٨٥، ومسلم في الحج، باب: وجوب طواف الوداع وسقوطه عن الحائض برقم (١٣٢٨) ، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٧ / ٢٣٢. والشافعي في المسند: ١ / ٣٦٤. (٣) ذكر هذه الأقوال الطبري: ١٧ / ١٥١ - ١٥٢ ثم قال: ولكل هذه الأقوال التي ذكرناها عمن ذكرناها عنه في قوله: (البيت العتيق) وجه صحيح، غير أن الذي قاله ابن زيد أغلب معانيه عليه في الظاهر، غير أن الذي روي عن ابن الزبير أولى بالصحة، إن كان ما حدثني به محمد بن سهل البخاري - قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن صالح، قال: أخبرني الليث، عن عبد الرحمن ابن خالد بن مسافر، عن الزهري، عن محمد بن عروة، عن عبد الله بن الزبير، قال: قال: رسول الله ﷺ: "إنما سمي البيت العتيق لأن الله أعتقه من الجبابرة فلم يظهر عليه قط - صحيحا".