Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/379)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

their mothers: “At Your service, O Allah, at Your service.” (1) Ibn Abbas said: The people of Yemen were the first to answer him, and they perform Hajj more than any other people.

It is narrated that Abraham climbed Mount Abu Qubays and made the call. (2) Ibn Abbas said that by “the people” in this verse, the Muslims are meant. Al-Hasan maintained that His saying, “And proclaim the pilgrimage to the people,” is an independent statement, and that the one commanded to make this proclamation was Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, who was commanded to do so during the Farewell Pilgrimage.

Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “O people, Hajj has been made obligatory upon you, so perform Hajj.” (3)

His saying, exalted is He, “They will come to you on foot,” means walking on their feet. It is the plural of rājil (one who walks), just as qā'im (one standing) has the plural qiyām, and ṣā'im (one fasting) has the plural ṣiyām. “And on every lean camel,” means riding upon every lean camel; a lean camel is one that has become emaciated. “Coming from every distant mountain pass,” means from every far-off road. The verb is given in the plural because of the word “every” and because camels are intended.

“So that they may witness benefits for themselves and mention the name of Allah on appointed days over the livestock He has provided for them. So eat thereof and feed the distressed, the poor.” (28)

“So that they may witness” means: so that they may be present; “benefits for themselves.” Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib and Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir said: pardon and forgiveness. Sa'id ibn Jubayr said: trade; this is also Ibn Zayd’s narration from Ibn Abbas, who said: the marketplaces. Mujahid said: trade and all that pleases Allah in the affairs of this world and the Hereafter. (4)

“And mention the name of Allah on appointed days” means the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah, according to the majority of Quran commentators. They were called “appointed” because care is taken to know them by counting them, since the time of Hajj falls at their end. It is narrated from Ali ⦗26a⦘—may Allah be pleased with him—that they are the Day of Sacrifice and the three days after it. In a narration from Ata' from Ibn Abbas, they are the Day of Arafah, the Day of Sacrifice, and the Days of Tashriq. Muqatil said: the appointed days are the Days of Tashriq. (5) “Over the livestock He has provided for them” means the pilgrimage sacrificial offerings and the sacrificial animals, which consist of livestock,

(1) See al-Tabari, 17:144. (2) Al-Suyuti, 6:35, attributes it to Ibn Abi Hatim, on the authority of Ibn Abbas. (3) Narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Hajj, chapter: “The obligation of Hajj once in a lifetime,” no. 1337, 2:975; and cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 7:3. (4) Al-Tabari mentions these views, 17:146-147, then states in preference: “The soundest view is that it means: that they may witness benefits for themselves, namely, deeds pleasing to Allah and trade. For Allah made general all the benefits witnessed by those attending the pilgrimage season and coming to Mecca during its days, including the benefits of this world and the Hereafter. He did not specify any particular benefit by textual evidence or rational proof; therefore, it remains general, encompassing the benefits described.” (5) The sourcing of these reports has already been given in volume one, p. 234, note 1.

الْأُمَّهَاتِ: لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ (١) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَأَوَّلُ مَنْ أَجَابَهُ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ فَهَمْ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ حَجًّا. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ صَعِدَ أَبَا قُبَيْسٍ وَنَادَى (٢) . وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِيَ بِالنَّاسِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَهْلَ الْقِبْلَةِ، وَزَعَمَ الْحَسَنُ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: "وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ" كَلَامٌ مُسْتَأْنَفٌ وَأَنَّ الْمَأْمُورَ بِهَذَا التَّأْذِينِ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ أُمِرَ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ. وَرَوَى أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ فُرِضَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْحَجُّ فَحُجُّوا" (٣) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالًا﴾ مُشَاةً عَلَى أَرْجُلِهِمْ جَمْعُ رَاجِلٍ، مِثْلُ قَائِمٍ وَقِيَامٍ وَصَائِمٍ وَصِيَامٍ، ﴿وَعَلَى كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ﴾ أَيْ: رُكْبَانًا عَلَى كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ، وَالضَّامِرُ: الْبَعِيرُ الْمَهْزُولُ. ﴿يَأْتِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ كُلِّ طَرِيقٍ بَعِيدٍ، وَإِنَّمَا جَمَعَ "يَأْتِينَ" لِمَكَانِ كُلٍّ وَإِرَادَةِ النُّوقِ. ﴿لِيَشْهَدُوا مَنَافِعَ لَهُمْ وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ (٢٨) ﴾ ﴿لِيَشْهَدُوا﴾ لِيَحْضُرُوا، ﴿مَنَافِعَ لَهُمْ﴾ قال سعيد بن المسيب، ومحمد بن علي الباقر: العفو والمغفرة. وقال سعيد بن جبير: التجارة، وَهِيَ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: الْأَسْوَاقُ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: التِّجَارَةُ وَمَا يَرْضَى اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ (٤) . ﴿وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ﴾ يَعْنِي عَشْرَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ فِي قَوْلِ أَكْثَرِ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ. قِيلَ لَهَا "مَعْلُومَاتٍ" لِلْحِرْصِ عَلَى عِلْمِهَا بِحِسَابِهَا مِنْ أَجْلِ وَقْتِ الْحَجِّ فِي آخِرِهَا. وَيُرْوَى عن علي ٢٦/أرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّهَا يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ وَثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَهُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهَا يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ وَالنَّحْرِ وَأَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: الْمَعْلُومَاتُ أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ (٥) . ﴿عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْهَدَايَا، وَالضَّحَايَا، تَكُونُ مِنَ النَّعَمِ،

(١) انظر الطبري: ١٧ / ١٤٤. (٢) عزاه السيوطي: ٦ / ٣٥ لابن أبي حاتم عن ابن عباس. (٣) اخرجه مسلم في الحج، باب: فرض الحج مرة في العمر برقم: (١٣٣٧) ٢ / ٩٧٥ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٧ / ٣. (٤) ذكر هذه الأقوال الطبري: ١٧ / ١٤٦ - ١٤٧ ثم قال مرجحا: وأولى الأقوال بالصواب قول من قال: عني بذلك: ليشهدوا منافع لهم من العمل الذي يرضي الله والتجارة، وذلك أن الله عم لهم منافع جميع ما يشهد له الموسم، ويأتي له مكة أيام الموسم من منافع الدنيا والآخرة، ولم يخصص من ذلك شيء من منافعهم بخبر ولا عقل، فذلك على العموم في المنافع التي وصفت. (٥) سبق تخريج هذه الأقوال في المجلد الأول صفحة (٢٣٤) هامش (١) .