Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/378)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abyan—or in another land—Allah would make him taste a painful punishment. Al-Suddi said: Except if he repents.

It is reported from Abd Allah ibn Umar that he had two tents: one outside the Sacred Precinct and the other within it. Whenever he wished to rebuke his family, he would rebuke them in the former. When he was asked about this, he said: “We were told that among the deviations committed therein is for a man to say, ‘No, by Allah!’ or, ‘Yes, by Allah!’” (1)

“And when We designated for Abraham the site of the House, saying: ‘Do not associate anything with Me, and purify My House for those who circle it, those who stand in prayer, and those who bow and prostrate.’ (26) And proclaim the pilgrimage to the people: they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel, coming from every distant mountain pass.” (27)

His saying, exalted is He, “And when We designated for Abraham the site of the House,” means: We prepared it. Ibn Abbas said: We made it. It was also said: We made it clear. Al-Zajjaj said: We made the site of the House an abode for Abraham.

Muqatil ibn Hayyan said: We readied it. The site of the House was specifically mentioned because the Kaaba was raised to heaven at the time of the Flood. Then, when Allah, exalted is He, commanded Abraham to build the House, he did not know where to build it, so Allah sent a strong wind that swept away what was around the House, exposing its foundations. (2)

Al-Kalbi said: Allah sent a cloud the size of the House, and it stood directly above its site. It had a speaking head which said, “O Abraham, build according to my dimensions.” So he built upon it. (4)

His saying, exalted is He, “Do not associate anything with Me,” means: We charged Abraham and said to him, “Do not associate anything with Me.” And, “Purify My House for those who circle it,” means those who circumambulate the House; “and those who stand,” means those who reside there; “and those who bow and prostrate,” means those who pray.

“And proclaim to the people,” means: inform and call out to the people, “the pilgrimage.” Abraham said, “How far can my voice carry?” Allah said, “The proclamation is yours, and conveying it is Mine.” So Abraham stood upon the Station, and the Station rose until it became as high as the tallest mountains. He put his fingers in his ears, turned his face to the right and left, east and west, and said: “O people, your Lord has established a House and made pilgrimage to the House obligatory upon you, so answer your Lord!” Everyone who would perform pilgrimage answered him, from the loins of their fathers and the wombs of

(1) Al-Tabari, 17:138-142. He then said: “The strongest of the views we have mentioned concerning its interpretation is the view we related from Ibn Masud and Ibn Abbas: namely, that ‘wrongdoing’ here encompasses every act of disobedience to Allah. This is because Allah spoke generally in His saying, wa-man yurid fihi bi-ilhadin bi-zulmin (whoever intends therein deviation through wrongdoing), without restricting it to one type of wrongdoing rather than another on the basis of any textual report or rational proof; it therefore remains general.” (2) The text in parentheses is omitted in manuscript A. (3) See al-Tabari, 17:143. (4) See al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:30.

أَبْيَنَ، أَوْ بِبَلَدٍ آخَرَ أَذَاقَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ. وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: إِلَّا أَنْ يَتُوبَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَهُ فُسْطَاطَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا فِي الْحِلِّ وَالْآخَرُ فِي الْحَرَمِ، فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعَاتِبَ أَهْلَهُ عَاتَبَهُمْ فِي الْآخَرِ، فَسُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: كُنَّا نُحَدَّثُ أَنَّ مِنَ الْإِلْحَادِ فِيهِ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ، وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ (١) . ﴿وَإِذْ بَوَّأْنَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِي شَيْئًا وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْقَائِمِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ (٢٦) وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالًا وَعَلَى كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ يَأْتِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ (٢٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذْ بَوَّأْنَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ﴾ أَيْ: وَطَّأْنَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: جَعَلْنَا. وَقِيلَ: بَيَّنَّا قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: جَعَلْنَا مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ [مُبَوَّءًا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: هَيَّأْنَا. وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرْنَا مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ] (٢) لِأَنَّ الْكَعْبَةَ رُفِعَتْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ زَمَانَ الطُّوفَانِ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِبِنَاءِ الْبَيْتِ لَمْ يَدْرِ أَيْنَ يَبْنِي فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ رِيحًا خَجُوجًا فَكَنَسَتْ لَهُ مَا حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ عَلَى الْأَسَاسِ (٣) . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: بَعَثَ اللَّهُ سَحَابَةً بِقَدْرِ الْبَيْتِ فَقَامَتْ بِحِيَالِ الْبَيْتِ وَفِيهَا رَأْسٌ يَتَكَلَّمُ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ابْنِ عَلَى قَدْرِي فَبَنَى عَلَيْهِ (٤) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِي شَيْئًا﴾ أَيْ: عَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَقُلْنَا لَهُ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِي شَيْئًا، ﴿وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الَّذِينَ يَطُوفُونَ بِالْبَيْتِ، ﴿وَالْقَائِمِينَ﴾ أَيِ: الْمُقِيمِينَ، ﴿وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ﴾ أَيِ: الْمُصَلِّينَ. ﴿وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ﴾ أَيْ: أَعْلِمْ وَنَادِ فِي النَّاسِ، ﴿بِالْحَجِّ﴾ فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَمَا يَبْلُغُ صَوْتِي؟ فَقَالَ: عَلَيْكَ الْأَذَانُ وَعَلَيَّ الْبَلَاغُ، فَقَامَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَى الْمَقَامِ فَارْتَفَعَ الْمَقَامُ حَتَّى صَارَ كَأَطْوَلِ الْجِبَالِ فَأَدْخَلَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ، وَأَقْبَلَ بِوَجْهِهِ يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا وَشَرْقًا وَغَرْبًا وَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَلَا إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ قَدْ بَنَى بَيْتًا وَكَتَبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْحَجَّ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَأَجِيبُوا رَبَّكُمْ، فَأَجَابَهُ كُلُّ مَنْ كَانَ يَحُجُّ مِنْ أَصْلَابِ الْآبَاءِ وَأَرْحَامِ

(١) ذكر هذه الأقوال الطبري: ١٧ / ١٣٨ - ١٤٢، ثم قال: وأولى الأقوال التي ذكرناها في تأويل ذلك بالصواب: القول الذي ذكرناه عن ابن مسعود وابن عباس من أنه معنى بالظلم في هذا الموضع، كل معصية لله، وذلك أن الله عم بقوله: (ومن يرد فيه بإلحاد بظلم) ، ولم يخصص به ظلم دون ظلم في خير ولا عقل، فهو على عمومه. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٣) انظر الطبري: ١٧ / ١٤٣. (٤) انظر الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٣٠.