Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/365)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the campaign against Banu al-Mustaliq, at night. The caller (1) of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, cried out, and they urged their mounts onward until they had gathered around the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He recited the verses to them, and never had more people been seen weeping than on that night. When morning came, they did not remove the saddles from their animals, pitch their tents, or cook a meal. Rather, the people were either weeping or sitting in sorrowful reflection.

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Do you know what day that will be?” They said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He said: “That is the Day when Allah will say to Adam: ‘Arise, and send forth the consignment for the Fire from among your offspring.’ Adam will say, ‘How many from every number?’ Allah will say: ‘From every thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine to the Fire, and one to Paradise.’”

This weighed heavily upon the Muslims, and they wept and said, “Then who will be saved, O Messenger of Allah?” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Receive glad tidings; strive to do what is right and keep to the middle course. For with you are two creatures who, whenever they are found among a people, make them numerous: Gog and Magog.” He then said: “I hope that you will be a third of the people of Paradise.” They proclaimed Allah’s greatness and praised Allah. Then he said: “I hope that you will be half of the people of Paradise.” They again proclaimed Allah’s greatness and praised Allah. Then he said: “I hope that you will be two-thirds of the people of Paradise. The people of Paradise will form one hundred and twenty rows, of which eighty will be from my nation. Among the disbelievers, the Muslims are no more than a mole on a camel’s flank, or a marking on an animal’s foreleg—indeed, like a black hair on a white bull, or a white hair on a black bull.”

He then said: “Seventy thousand from my nation will enter Paradise without reckoning.” Umar said, “Seventy thousand?” He said: “Yes, and with every one of them, seventy thousand.” Then Ukkashah ibn Mihsan stood and said, “O Messenger of Allah, supplicate to Allah that He make me among them.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “You are among them.” Then a man from the Ansar stood and said, “Supplicate to Allah that He make me among them.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Ukkashah has preceded you in this.” (3)

“And among the people are those who dispute concerning Allah without knowledge and follow every rebellious devil. It has been decreed concerning him that whoever takes him as a patron, he will lead him astray and guide him to the punishment of the Blaze. O mankind, if you are in doubt concerning the Resurrection, then indeed We created you from dust, then from a drop of semen, then from a clinging clot, then from a lump of flesh, formed and unformed, so that We may make clear to you. And We cause to remain in the wombs whatever We will for a fixed term; then We bring you forth as children, then We allow you to reach your full strength. Among you are those who die, and among you are those who are returned to the feeblest stage of life, so that after having known something, they know nothing. And you see the earth lifeless; then, when We send down water upon it, it stirs, swells, and brings forth every kind of delightful growth.”

His saying, Exalted is He: “And among the people are those who dispute concerning Allah without knowledge” was revealed concerning al-Nadr ibn al-Harith (4). He was given to much disputation and would say: “The angels are the daughters of Allah,” and, “The Quran is merely tales of the ancients.” He denied the Resurrection and the revivification of those who had become dust.

His saying, Exalted is He: “and follows,” means: he follows, in his disputation concerning Allah without knowledge, “every rebellious devil.” A rebellious devil is one who is defiant and persists in evil. “It has been decreed concerning him” means: it has been decreed concerning the devil that whoever takes him as a patron—that is, follows him—then he, meaning the devil,

(1) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (2) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (3) Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 9:12–13, up to the words, “on the foreleg of the beast.” He said: “This hadith is hasan sahih (sound and authentic).” It was also reported by Imam Ahmad, 4:435, up to the words, “or the mark on the foreleg of the beast”; and by al-Hakim, 2:385, who said: “This hadith has an authentic chain of transmission, though the two did not report it.” Ibn Hajar attributed it in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 112, to al-Tha'labi and al-Baghawi, then said: “As for its ending, I have not found it.” (4) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:8, to Ibn Abi Hatim.

غزوة ٢٣/ب بَنِي الْمُصْطَلَقِ لَيْلًا فَنَادَى [مُنَادِي] (١) رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَحَثُّوا الْمَطِيَّ حَتَّى كَانُوا حَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَرَأَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يُرَ أَكْثَرَ بَاكِيًا مِنْ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ، فَلِمَا أَصْبَحُوا لَمْ يَحُطُّوا السُّرُوجَ عَنِ الدَّوَابِّ، وَلَمْ يَضْرِبُوا الْخِيَامَ وَلَمْ يَطْبُخُوا قِدْرًا، وَالنَّاسُ مَا بَيْنَ بَاكٍ أَوْ جَالِسٍ حَزِينٍ مُتَفَكِّرٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَتَدْرُونَ أَيَّ يَوْمٍ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالُوا: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِآدَمَ قُمْ فَابْعَثْ بَعْثَ النَّارِ مِنْ وَلَدِكَ، فَيَقُولُ آدَمُ: مِنْ كُلٍّ كَمْ؟ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: مِنْ كُلِّ أَلْفٍ تِسْعَمِائَةٍ وَتِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ إلى النار وواحد فِي الْجَنَّةِ، قَالَ: فَكَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَبَكَوْا وَقَالُوا: فَمَنْ يَنْجُو إِذًا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَبْشِرُوا وَسَدِّدُوا وَقَارَبُوا فَإِنَّ مَعَكُمْ خَلِيقَتَيْنِ مَا كَانَتَا فِي قَوْمٍ إِلَّا كَثَّرَتَاهُ: يَأْجُوجُ وَمَأْجُوجُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو [أَنْ تَكُونُوا] (٢) ثُلُثَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، فَكَبَّرُوا وَحَمِدُوا اللَّهَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونُوا نِصْفَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، فَكَبَّرُوا وَحَمِدُوا اللَّهَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنِّي لَأَرْجُوَ أَنْ تَكُونُوا ثُلُثَيْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ مِائَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ صَفًّا، ثَمَانُونَ مِنْهَا أُمَّتِي، وَمَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي الْكُفَّارِ إِلَّا كَالشَّامَةِ فِي جَنْبِ الْبَعِيرِ أَوْ كَالرَّقْمَةِ فِي ذِرَاعِ الدَّابَّةِ، بَلْ كَالشَّعْرَةِ السَّوْدَاءِ فِي الثَّوْرِ الْأَبْيَضِ أَوْ كَالشَّعْرَةِ الْبَيْضَاءِ فِي الثَّوْرِ الْأَسْوَدِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَيَدْخُلُ مِنْ أُمَّتِي سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا الْجَنَّةَ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ وَمَعَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا، فَقَامَ عُكَّاشَةُ بْنُ مِحْصَنٍ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ادْعُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنِي مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنْتَ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ: ادْعُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنِي مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: سَبَقَكَ بِهَا عُكَّاشَةُ" (٣) . ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّبِعُ كُلَّ شَيْطَانٍ مَرِيدٍ (٣) كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ مَنْ تَوَلَّاهُ فَأَنَّهُ يُضِلُّهُ وَيَهْدِيهِ إِلَى عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ (٤) يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِنَ الْبَعْثِ فَإِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ مُضْغَةٍ مُخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ لِنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ وَنُقِرُّ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَاءُ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّى وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ مِنْ بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً فَإِذَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنْبَتَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ (٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ﴾ نَزَلَتْ فِي النَّضْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ (٤) كَانَ كَثِيرَ الْجَدَلِ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: الْمَلَائِكَةُ بَنَاتُ اللَّهِ، وَالْقُرْآنُ أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ، وَكَانَ يُنْكِرُ الْبَعْثَ وَإِحْيَاءَ مَنْ صَارَ تُرَابًا. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَيَتَّبِعُ﴾ أَيْ: يَتَّبِعُ فِي جِدَالِهِ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ، ﴿كُلَّ شَيْطَانٍ مَرِيدٍ﴾ وَالْمَرِيدُ: الْمُتَمَرِّدُ الْمُسْتَمِرُّ فِي الشَّرِّ. ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ قُضِيَ عَلَى الشَّيْطَانِ، ﴿أَنَّهُ مَنْ تَوَلَّاهُ﴾ اتَّبَعَهُ ﴿فَأَنَّهُ﴾ يَعْنِي الشَّيْطَانَ،

(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) ساقط من "أ". (٣) أخرجه الترمذي: ٩ / ١٢ -١٣ حتى قوله: في ذراع الدابة، وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح، والإمام أحمد ٤ / ٤٣٥ حتى قوله: أو الرقمة في ذراع الدابة، والحاكم: ٢ / ٣٨٥، وقال: هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه وعزاه ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص ١١٢ للثعلبي والبغوي، ثم قال: وأما آخره فلم أره. (٤) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٨ لابن أبي حاتم.